使用宾语从句应注意的问题

1. 关于使用形式宾语it的问题。

如果宾语从句后面跟有宾语,要用形式宾语it来代替,而将从句放到补语的后面去。如:

I heard it said that this school was founded in 1906.

2. 引导词that的省略。

在非正式场合下,that在引导宾语从句时可以省略。例如:

I think (that) you are right.

He said (that) he would come.

但在正式场合,特别是表示建议要求的从句,一般不省略。

3. 宾语从句否定意义的转移。

在think, believe, suppose等动词所跟的宾语中,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如:

I don't think he has time to play with you.

4. 宾语从句的替代。

在hope, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, think等动词以及I'm afraid等表达法的后面,可有so代替一个宾语从句,该宾语从句通常是上文提到的一件事。如:

Do you think we will have good weather?

I hope so.

其否定形式可用上述动词的否定式(hope除外),或者用not代替so。如:

I don't believe so.(或I believe not.)

5. 宾语从句的时态呼应。

如果主句的谓语是过去时,宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整。但若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念,其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。如:

She said she had left her umbrella in the classroom.

The teacher told us that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.

6. 插入语疑问句。

当我们要对宾语从句的有关信息进行提问时,通常要用插入语疑问句。该结构以与所询问信息有关的疑问词开头,主句的主谓成份变成插入语。例如:

They said that they had cleaned the classroom.

What did they say they had done?