中考英语被动语态全解

　　中考英语被动语态全解

　　 被动语态全解

　　 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。

　　 本册书我们将学习被动语态的三种时态:

　　 (1) 一般现在时的被动语态

　　 (2) 一般过去时的被动语态

　　 (3) 含情态动词的被动语态

　　 一般现在时的被动语态

　　 一般现在时的被动语态由助动词be 的现在式am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词 + (by)构成。

　　 基本句式

　　 肯定式:主语调 + am /is /are +过去分词+( by)

　　 Bicycles are sold in that shop .

　　 Football is played all over the world by people.

　　 否定式:主语+am/ is /are + not + 过去分词+(by)

　　 Bicycles are not sold in that shop .

　　 Football is not played all over the world by people.

　　 一般疑问句: Am /Is /Are + 主语+过去分词+(by)?

　　 Is this kind of TV sets made in Guangzhou ?

　　 Is football played all over the world by people ?

　　 被动语态的基本用法:

　　 (1) 需要强调动作的承受者时

　　 The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world

　　 English is widely spoken in the world now.

　　 Water is needed badly by the crops here .

　　 (2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时

　　 Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .

　　 The problem is dealt with now .

　　 (3) 当说话人需要强调客观时

　　 It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .

　　 主动语态转换不被动语态的步骤

　　 1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语

　　 2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。

　　 3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。

　　 4, 其它成分不变

　　 5, 被动语态中by+宾语的省略

　　 被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者by +宾语常常被省略。

　　 (1) 动作执行者不确定时

　　 Paper is made from wood .

　　 Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .

　　 (2) 不必表明动作执行者时

　　 English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages

　　 Football is played in most schools。

　　 (3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时

　　 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.

　　 一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式

　　 (1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+by

　　 It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute .

　　 These computers were made in the USA ?

　　 (2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ by

　　 She was not given a paniting by him .

　　 This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .

　　 (3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?

　　 Were these computers made in the USA ?

　　 Was it made of bamboo?

　　 (4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+by

　　 What was is made of ?

　　 When was it invented

　　 教你一招

　　 如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are

　　 如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .

　　 由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式

　　 (1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去分词

　　 We can change water into ice --------Water can be changed into ice.

　　 She ought to tidy up her bedroom------Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.

　　 You should buy a dictionary at once ----A dictionary should be bought at once by you.

　　 (2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+by

　　 You must not take out any books .-----Any books mustn't be taken out by you .

　　 They needn't look after the little child ----The little child needn't be looked after (by them)

　　 (3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by

　　 Can you use it ?------Can it be used ?

　　 常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.

　　 主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:

　　 1, 当宾语是反身代词时

　　 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .

　　 2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时

　　 Does the pair of new shoes suit you?

　　 We will have a meeting .

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