中考复习策略20

　　中考复习策略20

　　 H?

　　 had better ?

　　 [误] You have better hurry.?

　　 [正] You had better hurry.?

　　 [析] had better只用过去时had,不要误用成现在时have。?

　　 [误] You hadn't better worry.?

　　 [正] You had better not worry.?

　　 [析] had better后面加不带to的不定式,其否定式是had better not+动词原形。?

　　 half ?

　　 [误] I had driven about half mile.?

　　 [正] I had driven about half a mile.?

　　 [析] 半小时有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour. 而一个半小时应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours.半天应讲half a day,半镑应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year,而应用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.?

　　 [误] Half us could go to the park.?

　　 [正] Half of us could go to the park.?

　　 [析] half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构,但用于代词前则必须加of。如:More than half (of) my classmates are boys.?

　　 [误] One and half apples are left on the table.?

　　 [正] One and half apples is left on the table.?

　　 [析] 一个半one and half后面的名词要用复数,而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。?

　　 [误] Half of the work are done.?

　　 [正] Half of the work is done.?

　　 [误] Half of the six apples is red.?

　　 [正] Half of the six apples are red.?

　　 [析] half of+名词这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数,要用单数谓语动词;而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。?

　　 hand ?

　　 [误] He shook hand with his teacher.?

　　 [正] He shook hands with his teacher.?

　　 [析] 与某人握手要用shake hands. 与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式,如:change hands (转手、易手),in the hands of (由控制),join hands (与人合作)。?

　　 happen ?

　　 [误] What was happened to you last month??

　　 [正] What happened to you last month??

　　 [误] An accident was happened in this street last night.?

　　 [正] An accident happened in this street last night.?

　　 [析] 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态,作为发生讲的happen,take place和break out都不具有被动态。happen to常用来表达一件偶然发生的事,如:If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.?

　　 hard ?

　　 [误] I have to study hardly.?

　　 [正] I have to study hard.?

　　 [析] hard是形容词,如:a hard work,但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式,但词意截然不同,意为几乎不。?

　　 [误] I had my leg broken last term, so I couldn't hardly study at all.?

　　 [正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.?

　　 [析] hardly意为否定,所以不要再加否定词语了,如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序,如:Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.?

　　 have ?

　　 [误] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.?

　　 [正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.?

　　 [析] 用have somebody do something还是doing something要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。?

　　 [误] I have my bike to repair.?

　　 [正] I have my bike repaired.?

　　 [析] have something done这一句型是让某事被别人去作,请看下面两句意义的不同:I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)?

　　 [误] Could you give me some money if you have.?

　　 [正] Could you give me some money if you have any.?

　　 [析] 如果你有的话一句译为英文应加上any一词,如:I want some books if there is any.?

　　 headache ?

　　 [误] I've got headache.?

　　 [正] I've got a headache.?

　　 [析] Headache是一个规则的可数名词,所以可以讲:My mother often gets headaches. 但是牙痛toothache,肚子痛stomache?ache等却都可以用作不可数名词,如:I've got toothache. 但也可用作可数名词。?

　　 hear ?

　　 [误] He was heard sing in the next room.?

　　 [正] He was heard to sing in the next room.?

　　 [析] hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为:She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。?

　　 hear listen to ?

　　 hear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listen to则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.?

　　 但词组hear about (of)则为听说过之意,如:I heard about this. (我听说过此事。)而hear from则为收到某人信件之意:I often hear from my girl friend.?

　　 help ?

　　 [误] Please help my homework.?

　　 [正] Please help me do my homework.?

　　 [正] Please help me with my homework.?

　　 [析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为帮某人作某事,但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:He help his mother cook the meal. 即他和母亲一起作饭。而He help me to do my homework. 则是他指导我做作业。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。?

　　 [误] When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.?

　　 [正] When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.?

　　 [析] can't help doing something是身不由己,情不自禁做某事。?

　　 [误] Help yourself with some cakes.?

　　 [正] Help yourself to some cakes.?

　　 [析] 中文中讲你自己拿蛋糕吃,英文中要用help somebody to something.?

　　 here ?

　　 [误] Here the bus comes!?

　　 [正] Here comes the bus!?

　　 [析] 副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语如是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Here we are!?

　　 high ?

　　 [误] He is very high.?

　　 [正] He is very tall.?

　　 [析] 英语中的两个高high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。?

　　 hit ?

　　 [误] The mother got angry and hit the boy.?

　　 [正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.?

　　 [析] hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。?

　　 home ?

　　 [误] I'm tired. It's time I went to home.?

　　 [正] I'm tired. It's time I went home.?

　　 [析] home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了在家之意外,还有像在家里一样之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)?

　　 home house family ?

　　 home是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲a letter from home,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Many new houses were built this year. family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:My family are all like swimming.?

　　 homgwork ?

　　 [误] I have so many homework to do today.?

　　 [正] I have so much homework go do today.?

　　 [析] homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为着作、作品、工厂讲时为可数名词),fun,health information等。?

　　 hope ?

　　 [误] I hope you to be a good student.?

　　 [正] I hope you will be a good student.?

　　 [析] hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:I wish you to be a good student.

　　 [误] I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.?

　　 [正] I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.?

　　 [析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同,如我认为你错了。应译为:I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中我不这样认为应译为I don't think so.或I hope not. ?

　　 [误] I hope your help.?

　　 [正] I hope for your help.?

　　 [析] hope for为期望某事发生,虽然hope是及物动词,但表达期望某事情发生要用hope for+名词这一结构。?

　　 [误] I was hopeful to pass the exam.?

　　 [正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.?

　　 [析] 对某事存有希望应用hopeful of (about)+介词宾语这一结构。?

　　 hospital ?

　　 [误] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.?

　　 [正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.?

　　 [析] in hospital为住院就医。而in (at) the hospital 为在医院(工作)。如:He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多,如:上学为go to school,at school为在校就读,go to bed为上床睡觉。?

　　 how ?

　　 [误] I want to know how to do.?

　　 [正] I want to know how to do it.?

　　 [析] how 是关联副词,要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如:I want to know what to do.

　　 [误] How do you think about it??

　　 [正] What do you think about it??

　　 [析] 英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about这一句式。?

　　 hurry ?

　　 [误] Let's hurry. There is a little time left.?

　　 [正] Let's hurry. There is little time left.?

　　 [误] Don't worry. There is little time left.?

　　 [正] Don't worry. There is a little time left.?

　　 [析] 请注意英语中的惯用法:快点吧,没时间了,或别着急还有一点时间。?

　　 [误] The car is hurrying through the street.?

　　 [正] The car is rushing throught the street.?

　　 [析] hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。?

　　 hundred ?

　　 [误] There are two hundreds people here.?

　　 [正] There are two hundred people here.?

　　 [误] There are hundred of people here.?

　　 [正] There are hundreds of people here.?

　　 [析] hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加?s,这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样,而hundreds of是数百的,这一词组一定要加?s.?

　　 hurt ?

　　 [误] I don't want to wound her feelings.?

　　 [正] I don't want to hurt her feelings.?

　　 [析] wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词),或用刀枪伤害、打伤(动词)。

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