中考英语总复习11

　　中考英语总复习11

　　 十六、简单句的五种句型

　　 1.主语 + 不及物动词(主、谓结构)

　　 eg. He is working.

　　 2.主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语(主、谓、宾结构)

　　 eg. We study English every day.

　　 3.主语+ 连系动词 + 表语(主、系、表结构)

　　 eg. Trees turn green.

　　 常见的连系动词有:be ; become ; get ; turn ; feel ; look(看起来);smell(闻起来); sound(听起来);taste(尝起来);seem(似乎).

　　 特别注意:形容词常作表语

　　 4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾(人)+ 直宾(物)

　　 =主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾(物)+ to / for + 间宾(人)

　　 常用的此类动词有:give ; pass ; show ; lend ; buy. 但buy与for连用

　　 eg.1)I gave him a book.

　　 = I gave a book to him.

　　 2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday.

　　 = My mother bought a pen for me.

　　 5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补

　　 注意作宾补的词:1)名词(指宾语是谁/什么);2)形容词;3)不定式;4)动词的ing 形式。

　　 eg.1)We call him Jim.

　　 2)We must keep the window open.

　　 3)He told me to wash the plates.

　　 4)I saw a thief going into your room.

　　 特别注意:

　　 1)动词不定式作宾补

　　 A: ask / want / tell sb to do sth.

　　 其否定式为:ask/want/tell sb not to do sth

　　 2)省to不定式作宾补,即:

　　 (l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth

　　 l-let, m-make, n-notice; 3h-hear, have , help; 2看-see, watch; 1f-feel.

　　 eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day.

　　 2)I often hear him sing.

　　 2)区别省to不定式作宾补与动词ing形式作宾补.

　　 hear / see sb do: 听见/看见某人做了某事

　　 hear / see sb doing: 听见/看见某人在做某事

　　 Ⅱ、 知 识 要 点

　　 1.问职业:

　　 What be + 主语?= What does /do +主语+do?

　　 eg. He is a teacher.(提问)

　　 ______ _____ he _____?

　　 2.It's nice talking to you.与你谈话真高兴。

　　 △3.表方式的短语

　　 1)on foot

　　 2)by + 交通名词单数(无冠词)

　　 = in / on a (the; 物主代词;名词所有格)

　　 eg. 1) by bike = on a bike by car = in a car

　　 2) He goes to work by a bike every day.(改错) _____________

　　 must: 个人主观上认为必须(无时态变化)

　　 4. have to : 有外部条件强加的客观上的不得不 (存在各种时态)

　　 eg. 1) I _________ stop on the way because of the rain.

　　 2) I ______ stop because I'm a little tired.

　　 △5.提建议

　　 Shall we ? 答 肯定:Good idea / OK /

　　 Let's All right

　　 Why not ? 语 否定:No, let's

　　 肯定:Certainly/ Yes, please/

　　 另外还可回答为 Yes, I think so/ I'd love to

　　 否定:No,I don't think so /

　　 I'm afraid not.

　　 put on强调穿的动作:穿上,戴上 后接

　　 △6.. wear是 put on 之后的结果:穿着 衣服

　　 = be in 名词

　　 dress sb: 给某人穿衣

　　 eg. 1)You'd better ____ more clothes when you go out. It's cold outside.

　　 A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off

　　 2)The boy can ________ himself now.

　　 A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off

　　 3) Tom is wearing a red shirt today.

　　 A. is on B. is in C. is putting on

　　 △7.在具体的某楼前用 on

　　 eg. He lives on the fifteenth floor.

　　 △8.How do you like ? 你觉得怎么样?

　　 = What do you think of ?

　　 eg. How do you like the new film? = What do you think of the new film? 你觉得这部新电影怎么样?

　　 9.a little = a bit

　　 但注意:1) a little+名词 = a bit of + 名词 )

　　 eg.There is a little( a bit of ) water in the glass.

　　 2) not a little = very

　　 not a bit = not at all

　　 △10. quite : quite a (an) + 形 + 名

　　 very : a very + 形 + 名

　　 eg. This is a very interesting book.

　　 = This is quite an interesting book.

　　 11.in a hurry: 匆忙地

　　 eg.1)He is in a hurry all day.

　　 2)She went to school in a hurry.

　　 另外:hurry to = go to in a hurry

　　 12. marry sb = be married to sb.与某人结婚

　　 get married = be married 已婚;结婚

　　 (但get married是短命动词,要指结婚多久应用be married)

　　 eg. 1)She married with a doctor (找错) ______

　　 2)She has got married for ten years (找错) __________

　　 △13. leave sth + 地点:把某物忘在某地

　　 forget sth : 忘记某事

　　 eg. 1)He ______ the driver's license yesterday.

　　 2)I ____ my umbrella in the train just now.

　　 △14.感叹句

　　 1)What (a, an) + 形 + 名(+主 + 谓)!

　　 (注:但名词为不可数、复数时,则不用a / an)

　　 2)How + 形 / 副 ( + 主 + 谓)!

　　 eg.1)________ bad weather!

　　 2)______ hard they are working!

　　 3)______ good girl she is!

　　 4)_____ beautiful flowers they are!

　　 雨大,雪大heavy---heavily/ hard

　　 △15.风大 strong ---strongly

　　 太阳大bright---brightly

　　 注意以上词的形、副区别

　　 eg. 1)There was a __________ rain yesterday.

　　 2)It blew ________ last night.

　　 3)The sun is shining ___________.

　　 4)Look! It's raining __________.

　　 5)What a ___________ wind!

　　 how long: 多长时间(问时间段)

　　 △16. how often: 多久一次(问频率)

　　 how soon = when: 何时(问将来时间)

　　 eg.1)--________ does he go home?

　　 -- Once a week.

　　 2)--________ were you away from school last year? --Less than a week.

　　 3)--________ will he come back?

　　 --In two days.

　　 eg. 1)I didn't go to the cinema. _____ I went to the library yesterday.

　　 2)We would like to stay at school _______ going to the cinema today.

　　 △18.so 句型

　　 so + be(助、情) + 主语:也如此

　　 so + 主语 + be(助、情):的确如此

　　 eg.1)I watched TV last night, and so did she.

　　 昨晚我看了电视,她也看了。

　　 2)I watch TV every day, and so does he.

　　 我每天看电视,他也如此。

　　 3)I can swim, so I can.

　　 我会游泳,真的是这样。

　　 注意:表示也不如此用neither / nor

　　 eg. I didn't watch TV last night, neither did she

　　 △19.指路与问路

　　 问路

　　 1)Excuse me. Could you tell me

　　 how I can get to .

　　 how to get to

　　 the way to

　　 2)Excuse me. Which is the way to

　　 指路

　　 1)Go down / up / along this road and

　　 go还可替换为walk

　　 2)Go down / up / along to the end.

　　 3)Go on until you reach the end.

　　 4)Take the turning on the left.

　　 = Turn left at the turning.

　　 5)Go across the bridge

　　 △20.

　　 eg.1)He's sick / ill in hospital.

　　 2)A nurse (A) must take (B) good (C) care of ill (D) men. (选错) _____________

　　 △21.

　　 eg.1)__________ he is a student.

　　 2)He ___________ a student.

　　 △22.

　　 类似结构

　　 △23.到达

　　 但当后不接地点时,只能用arrive

　　 eg.1)She ____ Shanghai last night.

　　 A. reached to B. got C. arrived in D. arrived at

　　 2)They ____ there in time at last.

　　 A. reached to B. arrived C. got to D. arrived at

　　 3) I'll ring you up as soon as he_____(到达).

　　 eg.1)She is _____________ girl.

　　 2)Do you feel ______ when you are _____?

　　 3)The old man live in a house ________.

　　 eg. I have (A) many (B) work to do (C)______

　　 △

　　 eg.1)He gave us _________ money.

　　 2)She is ___________ young.

　　 △

　　 eg.1)Please ____ your exercise book here tomorrow.

　　 2)Meimei often helps the old man _____ water.

　　 eg. --I looked for my pen___________, but I couldn't find it ____________.

　　 ---Don't worry. Sooner or later you'll find it _________.

　　 30.to one's surprise 使某人吃惊的是

　　 类似结构:to one's joy 使某人高兴的是

　　 eg. To our great surprise, she could swim in the river. 使我们惊奇的是,他能在河里游泳。

　　 31. agree with : 同意某人(或某人所说的)

　　 agree to : 同意某事

　　 eg. 1)He agree ___ my plan.

　　 2)I agree ____ what you said.

　　 32.be on team: 参加是的队员

　　 eg. He is on the city basketball team.

　　 他是市篮球队队员。

　　 △33.teach sb+科目(当sb是人称代词时应用宾格)

　　 eg. He teaches our English(改错) __________

　　 △34.the 100-metre race 100米赛跑

　　 100-metre作定语,修饰race, 注意metre用单数。 类似结构:

　　 ①a two-thousand-word letter一封两千字的信

　　 ②an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩

　　 另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达:

　　 100-metre race = 100 metres' race

　　 two-month holiday = two months' holiday

　　 但当前面有a/ an ; 物主代词;所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示:

　　 eg. What did the headmaster say about Jim's ______.

　　 A. two months holidayB. Two months' holiday

　　 C. two-month holiday D. two moth's holiday

　　 35.problem与question

　　 question: 指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与ask , answer连用

　　 problem: 指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指难题。常与solve , work out连用

　　 1) We must find out a good way to solve the ______.

　　 2) You can answer the _____ in your own words.

　　 borrow: 借进 borrow from从借

　　 △36. lend: 借出 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb

　　 把某物借给某人

　　 keep: 保存;借(多久)(与时间段连用)

　　 1)Jack ____ me his bike last week.

　　 2)You can _____ the book from me, but you can ____ it for only one week.

　　 △37.It's +adj + of / for sb to do sth.

　　 当形容词用于修饰人时,介词用of. 常见的此类形容词有:kind ; good ; clever ; careful ; polite ; right ; wrong. 其余情况用for.

　　 1)It's very clever ____ you to do that.

　　 2)It's hard ____ me to work out the problem.

　　 △38. more: 另外的;额外的(放在数量词之后)

　　 another: 再一(另一)(放在数量词之前)

　　 1)May I have two _____ apples?

　　 2)May I borrow _______ one book?

　　 used to + 动原: 过去常常做

　　 △39. be used to + 动原: 被用于做

　　 be / get used to sth : 习惯于某事

　　 1)He used to be late for school.

　　 2)The knife is used to cut things.

　　 3)He is uesd to hard work.

　　 other: 放在被修饰词之前

　　 △40. else: 放在被修饰词之后,一般修饰不定代词和疑问词

　　 1)other students别的学生

　　 2)anybody else. 其它任何人

　　 what else. 别的什么

　　 △41. so + 形/副

　　 such + 形 + 名

　　 但注意:

　　 1) so +形+a / an + 单名= such a /an +形 +单名

　　 2)so (many / much / few / little) + 名

　　 3)so that ; such that如此以致

　　 ① It was ____ bad weather.

　　 ② There are ____ many poor in the country.

　　 ③ ____ few animals eat ____ much grass.

　　 ④ This city is ____ old, you'd better visit it.

　　 ⑤ It's ______ important party ____ I can't miss it.

　　 have / has been to: 曾经去过

　　 △42. have / has gone to: 已经去了

　　 have / has been in: 已在(多久)

　　 注意:1)后接地点副词here, there , home时应省介词

　　 2)与时间段连用只用have /has been in

　　 ① --Where's Tom?

　　 --He ______________ Beijing.

　　 ② I ______ Beijing several times.

　　 ③ She ________ Chengdu for two years.

　　 ④ He __________ there twice.

　　 △43.短命动词 长命动词

　　 buy-have ; borrow-keep ; die-be dead ; leave-be away (from); come back-be back; fall asleep-be asleep ; open-be open ;

　　 catch a cold-have a cold; go /get out-be out;

　　 arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点-be in +地点;join-be in +集体(或be + 成员);

　　 turn on-be on; turn off-be off ;

　　 get a letter from-have a letter from.

　　 end /finish-be over ; get up-be up ;

　　 1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. _________

　　 2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? _________

　　 3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). _________

　　 4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two days (D). __________

　　 5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). ____________

　　 6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) ___________

　　 7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) five years. ___________

　　 44. except: 除以外(不包括除去的部分)

　　 besides: 除了,还有(包括除去的部分)

　　 1) We go to school every day except Sunday.

　　 该句意味着:

　　 We go to school from Monday to Saturday.

　　 2)We all went to the park besides Li Lei.

　　 该句意味着:

　　 We went to the park, and Li Lei went, too.

　　 take: It take sb sometime to do sth.

　　 △45. 主语

　　 pay (money) for sth 是人

　　 buy sth for + money

　　 cost: sth cost sb + money 主语是物

　　 1)I _____ ten yuan on the book.

　　 2)I _____ ten yuan for the book.

　　 3)The book _____ me ten yuan.

　　 4)I _____ the book for ten yuan.

　　 5)It _____ me an hour to do the maths problem

　　 sometime: 某时(与将来时连用)

　　 △46 sometimes: 有时(一般现在时

　　 some time: 一些时候(表时间段)

　　 some times:几次

　　 eg. 1)He _______ (go) to Beijing sometime next week.

　　 2)I _______ (be) to Beijing some times.

　　 47.be to do: 表将来

　　 There is to be a sports meeting next Saturday.

　　 △48.计量:表事物的长、宽、高、深、远、厚用 wide ; high / tall ; deep ; away ; thick.

　　 1)Mr Green is nearly two metres ________

　　 2)The ice is about one metre _________.

　　 3)Our classroom is about twelve metres ______and eight metres __________.

　　 △49.population:不可数名词。指人口的多少用large / big或small询问人口的多少用what.

　　 1)What's the population of Germany?

　　 德国的人口是多少?

　　 2)China has a large population.中国人口众多

　　 3)The population (A) of (B) Japan is less (C) than that (D) of India. ____________

　　 另外注意:

　　 表示有人口用have a population of .

　　 Now China has a population of more than one billion. 现在中国有十亿多人口。

　　 eg. make room for: 为腾出空间

　　 51.seem的用法:

　　 1)seem + adj = seem to be + adj

　　 He seems very angry = He seems to be angry.

　　 2)seem to do

　　 It seems to rain tomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。

　　 3)It seems + that从句

　　 It seems that you are right.你似乎是对的。

　　 1)He talked as if he knew all about it.

　　 他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。

　　 2)He opened his mouth as if to say something.

　　 他开口似乎要说什么。

　　 1)We ____ them 5 to 3.

　　 2)In the end we _____ the match.

　　 interested;excited;surprised主语是人。指某

　　 △53.人对感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇(只作表语)

　　 interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指

　　 某物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇(可作定、表语)

　　 1)It's an ________football game.

　　 2)I'm ________ in music.

　　 1)作情态动词,用于否、疑句

　　 △54.need 2)作实义动词 need to do(表主动)

　　 need doing(表被动)

　　 1)You needn't go home now.

　　 2)The bike needs mending.

　　 3)I need to go home now.

　　 △55. alive: 活着的;在世的(常作后置定语)

　　 living: 活着的;没死的(常作前置定语)

　　 1)Both plants and animals are _______ thing.

　　 2)No one ______ will believe it.

　　 △56.否定前移的动词:think , believe , expect , suppose.

　　 1)I didn't expect their team would win.

　　 我希望他们的对不会赢。

　　 2)I don't think he will come tomorrow.

　　 我认为明天他不会来。

　　 look at: (有意识地)看

　　 △57. see: (look at之后的结果)看见

　　 read: 看(书、报等)

　　 watch: 看(电视、比赛等)

　　 另外注意:1)see a film看电影

　　 2)see a doctor看医生

　　 1)I often ______ newspaper after suppe.

　　 2)He _____ the picture, and ____ some trees in it.

　　 △58. listen to :(有意识地)听

　　 hear: (listen to之后的结果)听见

　　 He was very sorry to ________ the bad news.

　　 look for:(强调找的动作)寻找

　　 △59. find: (look for之后的结果)找到

　　 find out: (经过努力、周折)查出,找出(真相等)

　　 They are ___________ their lost horse.

　　 A. finding B. looking for C. finding out

　　 △60. hope: (可能实现的)愿望

　　 wish: (难以实现的)愿望

　　 另外注意:1)wish to do sth = hope to do sth

　　 2)wish sb to do sth ( )

　　 hope sb to do sth( ╳ )

　　 ( )I _____ you to come to school earlier next time. A. wish B. hope C. wants

　　 ①enough:放在形、副之后. good enough

　　 △61. ②修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing)的词应后置。

　　 ③else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置)

　　 1)I have something important to tell you.

　　 2)He didn't run fast enough to catch up with Tom.

　　 had better +动原 否定had better not +动原

　　 △62 Will / Would you please +动原?

　　 Will / Would you please not + 动原?

　　 Will you please not talk in class?

　　 △63. What's the weather like ? 的天气

　　 = How's the weather ? 怎么样?

　　 △64. find +宾 +形:觉得怎么样

　　 find it +形 +to do: 觉得做怎么样

　　 类似用法还有make , think等

　　 1)I find the question ___________(容易).

　　 2)I think it important to learn Englis.

　　 △65. a number of +复名:许多,一些(作主为复)

　　 the number of: 的数目/号码(作主为三单)

　　 The number of the students in our class is 50.

　　 too: 句末 用于肯定句

　　 △66. also: 句中 也

　　 either: 否定句末也不

　　 1)I don't like reading, she doesn't , ______.

　　 2)Tom is fourteen. Jim is _____fourteen.

　　 △67. already , just : 肯助后

　　 yet: 否、疑末

　　 1)I have already had lunch.

　　 2)I haven't had lunch yet.

　　 68. live: (长时间的)居住

　　 stay: (短时间的)居住

　　 eg. He lives in Changsha, but he's going to stay in Shanghai for a few days.

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