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初中英语--宾语从句专项复习

发布时间:2016-02-29  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  初中英语--宾语从句专项复习

  复习内容:宾语从句考点归纳

    复习目标:

    1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词

    2、掌握宾语从句的语序主句+连接词+主语+谓语

  

    3、掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。

  

    重点:语序和时态呼应

    难点:语序和时态呼应;与疑问词+不定式的转化;与状语从句的辨析

    考点梳理:

    一、  宾语从句的连接词:

    1、  连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。

    eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

    2、  连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作是否解,在口语中多用if。

    eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

    He asked me whether or not I was coming.

    一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:

    ①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.

    ②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.

    ③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not.

    3、  连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how, 它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义

  。

    eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

    I wonder where he got so much money.

   

    【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和疑问词+不定式结构转化。  

    eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents.

    2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.

    二、  宾语从句的语序:

    宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结

  构。

    Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)

    Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )

    The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)

    陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, I will leave a message on the desk. She said

  she would leave a message on the desk.

    一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. Where are the tickets? I asked him.

   I asked him where the tickets are.

  三、  宾语从句的时态呼应:

    宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受

  限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。

  

    eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)

    I thought (that) you would be free today. ( )

     

    【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。

  

    eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

    四、  其他需要说明的问题:

  

    1、  标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。

    eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?

    2、  要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。

  

    ▲五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分:

    eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.

    2) I dont know if the train has arrived.

    句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示条件,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从

  句,充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。

  判断方法:

    1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

  

    2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为是否,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为如果。when充当

  宾语从句的连接词时,意为什么时候, 充当状语从句的连接词时,意为当的时候

    3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连

  词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。

    e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.

    An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.

    They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend

    Could you tell me when (什么时候)the train arrives ?

    Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.

    =If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.

    They knew each other when(当时候)they were children.

  =When they were children

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