will与would
1. 表示意愿will 表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿。
如:
Go where you will
你愿到哪里就到哪里。
2. 表示征求意见或提出请求
主要用于第二人称的疑问句中,will和would均可用,would此时并不表过去,而表示委婉语气.
Would Sunday night suit you?
星期天晚上适合你吗?
would有时用于提出想法,通常与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用,若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should:
如:
Id like [love] to have a look at it.
我想看看它。
I would prefer not to go out today.
我今天不想出去。
3. 表示习惯和倾向性
will表示现在的习惯,would表示过去的习惯。
如:
Oil will float on water.
油总是浮在水上。
This window wont open.
这扇窗户经常打不开。
When he was a child, he would often go skiing.
他小时候经常去滑雪。
4.will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等,而would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等。
如:
You will do as I told you.
你得照我说的去做。
Thats just what he would say.
他就是爱那样讲话。
You would never do anything to hurt me.
你绝不会做伤害我的事的。
情态动词may(might)
might的特殊用法为表示责备,如
You might ask before borrow my book.
在借我书之前本可以说一声嘛!
用于固定习语
如:You may as well give him the letter.
你还是把信给他为好。
I might as well stay at home tonight.
我今晚还是待在家里吧。
情态动词shall和should
1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。
如:
What shall we do this evening?
我们今天晚上做什么呢?
2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示.如:
Shall we begin our lesson?
我们可以开始学习了吗?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
他什么时候才可以出院呢?
3. Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
如:
You shall fail if you dont work harder. (警告)
如果你不努力的话一定会落后的。
Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (表允诺)
告诉他这本书明天给他。
You shall suffer for this. (表威胁)
你会为此事吃苦头的。
4.此外,Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为竟会。
如:
⑧ Why should you be so late today?
你几天怎么来得这么晚?
⑨ Where is Betty living? 贝蒂住在哪里?
How should I know? 我怎么会知道呢?
⑩ I dont know why you should think that I did it.
我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
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