1. considering 就而论、照来看;考虑到,既可用作介词,又可用作连词。例:I hear he is more than 70, but he is still very strong, considering his age.
听说他已经 70 多岁了,但从他的年纪来看,他仍然很结实。
Considering ( that ) he did not study hard, he did well on the test.
考虑到他没有用功,他考得还不错。
另: considering 还可用作副词,通常置于句尾,意为从各方面看。例:
She seems ( to be ) very bright, considering.
从各方面看,她似乎很聪明。
2. providing / provided 倘若;在的条件下,用作连词,引导条件状语从句,但从句不用虚拟语气。例:
Well visit Europe next year, provided / providing ( that ) we have the money.
如果我们有这笔钱,我们明年将去欧洲游览。
I shall go provided / providing ( that ) it does not rain.
倘若天不下雨,我就去。
3. supposing / suppose 假如、假定用作连词,引导条件状语从句,从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。例:
Supposing / Suppose ( that ) the weather were bad, where would you go?
假如天气不好,你去什么地方?
Supposing / Suppose ( that ) she doesnt come, what should we do?
假如她不来我们该怎么办?
supposing 可用在一个简单句中,相当于 What would / will happen if / What does it matter if 例:
Supposing I dont see her. ( = What will happen if I dont see her? )
假如我见不到她,那该怎么办?
suppose 意为假定;万一;倘若;不妨;何不。例:
( Let us ) Suppose ( that ) his statement is right.
假定他的陈述是正确的。
4. according to /by 根据 / 按照,用作连词。例:
According to my watch, its 4 oclock.
按照我表上的时间,现在是 4 点钟。
You may go or stay, according as you decide.
去还是留,由你来决定。
You may / will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.
根据工作好坏你将会受到奖惩。
according to 与 according by 的区别在于:
( 1 ) according by 不可与表示人的名词或代词连用; according to 可与表示人的名词或代词连用。
( 2 ) according to 只能表示来自他处的信息,而不能表示来自说话者本身的信息。
例:
According to (不能用 by ) my clock, it is 12 oclock.
根据我表上的时间,现在是 12 点。
According to (不能用 by ) her (不能用 me ), the war broke out in 1923.
根据她所说的,那场战争在 1923 年爆发。
5. compared with / to 将与比较,用作介词。例:
Compared with / to her mother, she is tall.
和她母亲比起来,她算很高了。
6. including 包含,用作介词。例:
I have to prepare food for seven people, including me.
我必须准备包括自己在内 7 个人的食物。
7. owing to 由于因为,用作介词。 seeing ( that )由于;既然;因为,用作连词。例:
Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.
由于天气不好,我不能把它进行下去。
Seeting ( that ) he is ill, hes unlikely to come.
由于生病的缘故,他可能不来了。
8. judging from / by ( =to judge by )由来判断,用作介词。例:
Judging from / by what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所说的来判断,他一定是个诚实的人。
Judging from / by his accent, he must be from Guangdong province.
从他的口音来判断,他一定来自广东。
9. regarding ( =as regards, in regard to, with regard to ) / respecting ( =as respects, in respect to, with respect to ) / concerning ( =as concerns ) / relating to 均用作介词,意为关于,就而言,相当于 about, 但比 about 正式。例:
Regarding this point, he is correct.
关于这一点,他是对的。
Respecting your salary, we shall come to a decision later.
关于你的工资,我们将在以后做出决定。
Concerning your letter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable.
关于来信,我很高兴地通知你,我们觉得你的计划是可接受的。
10. given 如果有,假定,考虑到,既可用作介词,也可用作连词。例:
Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.
考虑到他们经验不足,他们的工作做得还不错。
Given his support, I think well win the election.
若能获得他的支持,我想我们会赢得这次选举。
11. granted / granting 用作连词,意为就算,假定,纵使,姑且承认
例 Granted / Granting you are right, I wont do it.
就算你说的是正确的,我也不打算做那事。
12. assuming / say (用于句首,与 Lets 连用)意为假定假使例:
Assuming / Say ( Lets say ) that war breaks out, what do you do?
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