1)过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。它是个相对的状态,只有在与过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才会用到它。而一般过去时则表示某一个时间发生了某事或在过去某一段时间内经常发生的事。
如:they had already left when I arrived.我到来时他们已经走了。(在我到达这一过去动作之前,他们就已经离开了,因此用had left表示。)
I saw him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上看见他了。(看见他这一动作是在昨天这一过去时间发生的。)
2)在过去某时之前的继续动作,表示某事继续到过去某时已有一段时间,则用过去完成时,并与for,since等词连用。如:
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital.他被送医院时已病了一周了。
He said that he had worked in that factory since 1994.他说他从 1994年以来一直在那家工厂工作。
3)在并列句或复合句中,几个(一般是两个)谓语动词的行为发生的顺序有明显的先后之分时,则先发生的行为用过去完成时。但若句中有before,after等连词,由于它已表明动作发生的先后,两个动作都可以用一般过去时。如:
I thought I had told you about the news.我原以为我已告诉过你这个消息。
When I woke up,it had already stopped snowing.我醒来时雪已停了。
She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完成之后才睡觉。
I(had)heard the news before she told me.她告诉我那个消息之前我已经听说了。
After we did our homework,we went swimming.做完作业后,我们去游泳了。
两个或两个以上的动作,用and,then或but等连接,按照动作发生的顺序表达时,用一般过去时,表示过去发生的连续动作。如:
the man got up,put on his cap and went away.那个人站了起来,戴上帽子,走了。
4)动词think,hope,want,mean,intend,plan等可以用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。如:
I had thought that he had died at least 20years ago.我以为他至少 20年以前就死了。(实际上现在仍活着。)
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。
they had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没能及时赶到那里。
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