中考英语宾语从句考点讲解与训练

　　宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

　　【考点扫描】

　　中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

　　1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;

　　2. 宾语从句的语序;

　　3. 宾语从句的时态。

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　　考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。

　　【名师精讲】

　　一、宾语从句的种类

　　宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

　　1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

　　和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

　　He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

　　She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.

　　I am sure (that) he will succeed.

　　2. 由连接代词who， whom， whose， what， which和连接副词when， where， why， how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

　　Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?

　　He asked whose handwriting was the best.

　　Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

　　I dont know why the train is late.

　　3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是是否。例如：

　　I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

　　He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

　　二、 宾语从句的语序

　　宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

　　I hear (that) physics isnt easy.

　　I think (that) you will like this school soon.

　　Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

　　Please tell me when well have the meeting.

　　三、 宾语从句的时态

　　1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

　　如：

　　I dont think (that) you are right.

　　Please tell us where he is.

　　Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

　　2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：

　　He asked what time it was.

　　He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

　　He asked if you had written to Peter.

　　He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

　　3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

　　Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

　　Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

　　【中考范例】

　　1. (2004年北京市中考试题)

　　Miss Green didnt tell us _______ in 2002.

　　A. where does she live B. Where she lives

　　C. where did she live D. where she lived

　　【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。

　　2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

　　Would you please tell me ________?

　　A. when did he come home

　　B. where he would play football

　　C. if he had seen the film

　　D. why he didnt watch the game

　　【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

　　3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)

　　I dont know when __________.

　　A. will the train leave B. the train will leave

　　C. would the train leave D. the train leave

　　【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。

　　4. (2004年常州市中考试题)

　　We dont know _____________.

　　It is said that he was born in Sweden.

　　A. what he is B. if he lives here

　　C. where he comes from D. which country is he from

　　【解析】答案： C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。