1. a
[误] I think it is an useful English dictionary.
[正] I think it is a useful English dictionary.
[析] 在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是:an用在以元音开头的词之前;而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词,如useful,university等,其第一个音标是[j],所以要特别予以注意。
[误] I need a hour to finish this letter.
[正] I need an hour to finish this letter.
[析] 要注意hour和honest的第一个字母不发音。
[误] My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man.
[正] My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man.
[析] 要注意以u打头的单词,它的发音为[]时,单数名词前要用an,如uncle等。
[误] There is a f in the word football.
[正] There is an f in the word football.
[析] 英文字母单独使用时,如其第一个发音是元音时,其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.
[误] I have a little brother. He is a 8-year-old boy.
[正] I have a little brother. He is an 8-year-old boy.
[析] 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音,如eight, eleven等。
2. able
[误] This bike is able to be repaired.
[正] This bike can be repaired.
[析] be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为有本领有能力可以作某事,如:Im able to swim across this river. 而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:This radio can be repaired here.
3. about
[误] This class is about to begin just now.
[正] This class is about to begin.
[析] 要注意be about to 是将要的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外,be about to 一般用作书面语,对应的口语是be going to.
about on
about与on都可以作关于讲,但却有所不同,例如:This book is about physics. 应译为这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。而:This book is on physics.则应译为这是一本物理学方面的专著。
4. above
[误] The temperature is five degrees over zero.
[正] The temperature is five degrees above zero.
[析] 表达在上方时,above与over是可以互换的,如:The sky is above (or over) our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over,如:The sun has risen above the horizon.
[误] There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer.
[正] There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer.
[析] 当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above.
[误] There is a bridge above the river.
[正] There is a bridge over the river.
[析] 用来表达从上方越过时不能用above只能用over,如:The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为在桥的上游有一个瀑布。
5. across
[误] He ran across the wood.
[正] He ran through the wood.
[析] across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如:The man came in through the window. He walked across the square.
across的主要用法有两个。其一,意为对面,如:There is a school just across the street. 其二,意为横过,如:He walked across the street.
6. afraid
[误] I dontt afraid of him.
[正] I am not afraid of him.
[析] 要注意害怕afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词连用。
7. after
[误] Two weeks after he left.
[正] Two weeks later he left.
[正] He left after two weeks.
[析] 要表达在多少时间之后,英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要时间在前,如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后,如after three hours.
[误] My father will be back after a few hours.
[正] My father will be back in a few hours.
[析] 受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。
after behind
after多用于表示顺序的前后,如:She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示追赶,表示一种动态,如:He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如:She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达迟于,如:The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:She hid herself behind the flowers.
8. afternoon
[误] He worked very hard in a hot afternoon.
[正] He worked very hard on a hot afternoon.
[析] 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如:Are you free on Sunday afternoon?
9. against
[误] He against me.
[正] He is against me.
[析] 要注意against意为反对,但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如:He is against somebody / something.
against for
against意为反对、不赞成;而for则意为同意,为其反意词。如:Are you for or against the plan?
10. age
[误] He is twenty years old of age.
[正] He is twenty.
[正] He is twenty years old.
[正] He is at the age of twenty.
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