1. both
[误]They both are students.
[正]They are both students.
[误]They refuse both to answer this question.
[正]They both refuse to answer this question.
[析]both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。
[误]I know his both parents.
[正]I know both his parents.
[误]The both brothers were students.
[正]Both the brothers were students.
[正]Both brothers were students.
[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my,his,her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。
[误]Both of my parents are not at home.
[正]Neither of my parents are at home.
[误]Both of your answers are not right.
[正]Neither of your answers is right.
[正]Both your answers are wrong.
[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示两者都不时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。例如:I can not give both of the books to you.(我不能将两本书全给你。)而I can not give either of the books to you.(两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)
2. bring
[误]Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.
[正]Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.
[误]Next time, please take your little sister here.
[正]Next time, please bring your little sister here.
[析]英语中bring是带来,而take是带走。还有一个词fetch, 表示到某处去把某物取、接回来。如:Please fetch the doctor at once.
3. business
[误]My father went to Shanghai for business.
[正]My father went to Shanghai on business.
[析]on business出差
4. busy
[误]The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.
[正]The students were very busy preparing for the exam.
[析]be busy doing something为忙于作某事。
[误]The students were busy for the exam.
[正]The students were busy with the exam.
[析]busy直接接名词时应用with。
5. but
[误]He couldnt help but realizing that he was wrong.
[正]He couldnt help but realize that he was wrong.
[误]She couldnt help to cry when she saw her mother.
[正]She couldnt help crying when she saw her mother.
[析]couldnt help其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldnt help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为他才真正认识到他错了。
6. buy
[误]I have bought this dictionary for three years.
[正]I have had this dictionary for three years.
[析]buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。
7. by
[误]The boy shot the cat by a gun.
[正]The boy shot the cat with a gun.
[误]He came to school by a taxi this morning.
[正]He came to school by taxi this morning.
[析]作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:by car,by bike,by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:我们今天早上是乘他的车来的一句应译为:We came here in his car this morning. 与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:by the way顺便说说;by hand手工制作;by oneself独自地;by no means决不。
8. call
[误]Ill call at Mr Brown.
[正]Ill call on Mr Brown.
[误]Ill call on Mr Browns home.
[正]Ill call at Mr Browns home.
[析]作拜访讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。
call on, drop in, visit
call on比较正式的为公务的访问,如:We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:If youre free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:My schools headmaster will visit America next week.
9. can
[误]A blind man can not judge colours.
[正]A blind man cannot judge colours.
[误]I cannt call for you at ten.
[正]I cant call for you at ten.
[析]can的否定形式应为cannot或cant.
[误]Its only six oclock. That mustnt be the postman.
[正]Its only six oclock. That cant be the postman.
[析] must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用cant,要表示对过去的推测则要用must + have +过去分词的表达法,如:The lights have gone out. A fuse must have blown. 而对过去的否定推测则多用cant + have + 过去分词,如:I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.
[误]We could not help to laugh at once.
[正]We could not help laughing at once.
[正]We could not help but laugh at once.
[析] couldnt help + 动名词表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.
can, be able to
can与be able to都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,be able to则可用任何时态,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。
can, could
can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story?
10. care
[误]I dont care coffee.
[正]I dont care for coffee.
[误]Take care for your steps.
[正]Take care of your steps.
[析] care for是对某物感兴趣,而care of是关心,要当心某事,如:She didnt care for him. Take care of what you are doing.
[误]I dont care where we will go if it doesnt rain.
[正]I dont care where we go if it doesnt rain.
[析]在it doesnt matter,I dont care,I dont mind,及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:Ive got a football in case we have time for a game.
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