中考英语语法：句子的类型

（一）句子类型概述 句子的类型一共有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句中的宾语从句与状语从句是中考的重要考查内容。 宾语从句考点：(1)一连词的选择；(2)主句与从句时态的呼应；(3)宾语从句的语序问题；(4)宾语从句和状语从句的区分。 状语从句考点：(1)主句与从句的时态呼应问题；(2)连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while/ as/ when引导时间状语从句；because/ since/as/for引导原因状语从句；if/unless引导条件状语从句；so... that/such...that引导结果状语从句等。 （二）基础知识梳理 1．简单句 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如： Neither Bruce nor Susan can speak French. Mother bought a new schoolbag for me at the beginning of this term. 2．并列句 由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起。常见的并列连词有and，but，or，so，for等。如： Go straight on and you will find a toilet. I would like to go with you, but I cant. Hurry or you will be late. She practices every day, so she plays the piano very well. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 3．复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。下面总结一下初中阶段的主要从句。 1)宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词有以下几种形式： (1)由that引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，没有实际意义，可以省略。如： We know (that) there are two kinds of sports. He decided (that) he was not going to say anything about it (2)由whether或if（是否）引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但不能省略。如： No one knows whether/if they have decided on the date of the meeting. (3)由连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose和连接副词when，where，why,how等引导的宾语从句，这些连接词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还可在句中充当某个成分，不能省略。如： Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest subway station? She told me what she had seen in the museum. (4) 由it作形式宾语的从句。如： I think it necessary that everybody should try his best to help fight pollution. (5) 由形容词sorry, afraid, sure, glad等引出的宾语从句。如： We were surprised that Peter was the first to come. I am sure that you will be a success in the future. 2)状语从句 在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。常用状语从句有以下几种类型： (1)由when, while, as, since, until, as soon as等连词引导的时间状语从句。如： Its more than ten years since they came to Shanghai. Please send me an E-mail as soon as you arrive in Switzerland. (2)由if，unless等词引导的条件状语从句。如： We shall go for a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow. I wont buy the dress unless it fits me well. (3) 由because, since, as, now that等词引导的原因状语从句。如： He asked for leave because he had to see the dentist. Now that everyone is here, shall we begin our discussion? (4)由though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Although it was very late, he went on working. (5)由so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句。如： He ran as fast as he could so that the people in Athens could learn the news earlier. (6)由so... that, such... that等词引导的结果状语从句。如： He ran so quickly that we couldnt keep up with him. The bus broke down, so we had to walk to the cinema. English is such a useful language that it is spoken in many countries. (7) 比较状语从句。常用的句型有as... as与more than结构。（参见形容词、副词一章） 3)定语从句 在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句一般直接跟在被修饰的名词之后。被修饰的名词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词who, whom, that, which引导，它位于先行词与定语从句之间，本身又在定语从句中充当某个成分。如： The boy who/that is reading under the tree is my elder brother. 先行词 关系代词作主语 The present which/that you gave me for my birthday is very nice. 先行词 关系代词作宾语 (1) who和whom指人，who在从句中作主语，不能省略。而whom在从句中作宾语，一般可以省略。如： The woman who will give us a talk tomorrow is a famous professor. Do you know the girl (whom) we met outside the school gate? (2) which指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如： The story which tells about three monkeys is very interesting. The magazine (which) I borrowed from the library was newly published. (3) that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如： The pictures that hang on the back wall were all painted by her. The restaurants (that) they have set up are welcomed by children. (4)如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词all, everything, nothing等以及only修饰时，关系代词必须用that。如： All that we need is fresh water. Ill never forget the first job that I found. Judy is the most honest girl that I have ever seen.（一）句子类型概述 句子的类型一共有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句中的宾语从句与状语从句是中考的重要考查内容。 宾语从句考点：(1)一连词的选择；(2)主句与从句时态的呼应；(3)宾语从句的语序问题；(4)宾语从句和状语从句的区分。 状语从句考点：(1)主句与从句的时态呼应问题；(2)连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：while/ as/ when引导时间状语从句；because/ since/as/for引导原因状语从句；if/unless引导条件状语从句；so... that/such...that引导结果状语从句等。 （二）基础知识梳理 1．简单句 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如： Neither Bruce nor Susan can speak French. Mother bought a new schoolbag for me at the beginning of this term. 2．并列句 由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起。常见的并列连词有and，but，or，so，for等。如： Go straight on and you will find a toilet. I would like to go with you, but I cant. Hurry or you will be late. She practices every day, so she plays the piano very well. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 3．复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。下面总结一下初中阶段的主要从句。 1)宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词有以下几种形式： (1)由that引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，没有实际意义，可以省略。如： We know (that) there are two kinds of sports. He decided (that) he was not going to say anything about it (2)由whether或if（是否）引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但不能省略。如： No one knows whether/if they have decided on the date of the meeting. (3)由连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose和连接副词when，where，why,how等引导的宾语从句，这些连接词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还可在句中充当某个成分，不能省略。如： Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest subway station? She told me what she had seen in the museum. (4) 由it作形式宾语的从句。如： I think it necessary that everybody should try his best to help fight pollution. (5) 由形容词sorry, afraid, sure, glad等引出的宾语从句。如： We were surprised that Peter was the first to come. I am sure that you will be a success in the future. 2)状语从句 在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。常用状语从句有以下几种类型： (1)由when, while, as, since, until, as soon as等连词引导的时间状语从句。如： Its more than ten years since they came to Shanghai. Please send me an E-mail as soon as you arrive in Switzerland. (2)由if，unless等词引导的条件状语从句。如： We shall go for a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow. I wont buy the dress unless it fits me well. (3) 由because, since, as, now that等词引导的原因状语从句。如： He asked for leave because he had to see the dentist. Now that everyone is here, shall we begin our discussion? (4)由though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Although it was very late, he went on working. (5)由so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句。如： He ran as fast as he could so that the people in Athens could learn the news earlier. (6)由so... that, such... that等词引导的结果状语从句。如： He ran so quickly that we couldnt keep up with him. The bus broke down, so we had to walk to the cinema. English is such a useful language that it is spoken in many countries. (7) 比较状语从句。常用的句型有as... as与more than结构。（参见形容词、副词一章） 3)定语从句 在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句一般直接跟在被修饰的名词之后。被修饰的名词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词who, whom, that, which引导，它位于先行词与定语从句之间，本身又在定语从句中充当某个成分。如： The boy who/that is reading under the tree is my elder brother. 先行词 关系代词作主语 The present which/that you gave me for my birthday is very nice. 先行词 关系代词作宾语 (1) who和whom指人，who在从句中作主语，不能省略。而whom在从句中作宾语，一般可以省略。如： The woman who will give us a talk tomorrow is a famous professor. Do you know the girl (whom) we met outside the school gate? (2) which指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如： The story which tells about three monkeys is very interesting. The magazine (which) I borrowed from the library was newly published. (3) that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如： The pictures that hang on the back wall were all painted by her. The restaurants (that) they have set up are welcomed by children. (4)如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词all, everything, nothing等以及only修饰时，关系代词必须用that。如： All that we need is fresh water. Ill never forget the first job that I found. Judy is the most honest girl that I have ever seen.