知识点总结
一、感叹句
感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how修饰 形容词、副词或动词。
1、由感叹词what引导的感叹句。 what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式:
1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或是:Wha t+名词词组+主语+谓语! 如: What a fine day it is!
2) What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语! 如: What kind women they are! What nice music it is!
2、由How引导的感叹句。 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语! 例如:
How hard the workers are working!
How clever the girl is!
注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 How fast the runner runs!
3、what与how引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。(具体见下)如: What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is!
what a beautiful b uilding it is!==How beautiful the building is!
在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如: What a nice present!(省略it is) How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)
二、祈使句
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形,句尾用感叹号或句号。
1、肯定结构:
1)动词原形(+ 宾语)+其它 成分。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2)Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3)Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
2、否定结构:
1)dont+动词原形+其他。如:Do nt forget me! 不要忘记我! Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
2) Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分。如: Let him not go. 别让他走。
3)有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
常见考法
对于感叹句和祈使句的考查,常会出现在单选和完成句子中,主要考察两种句子的用法和构成。
典型例题:You should not talk in class.(改写同义句)
in class.
解析:本题考查祈使句的用法。从题意你不应该在课堂上说话可知,这是建议对方不要做某事的,应该用祈使句。
答案:Dont talk
误区提醒
感叹句中what 和how的用法区别,是很多学生 头疼的地方,实际上区分它们并不难,只要记住:有形容词直接加名词的地方,或只有名次的地方,用what,反之用how.
典型例题: ____ strange clothes he is wearing!
A. What a B. What C. How a
解析:题中strang e clothes是形容词直接加名 词构成的名词短语,应该用what, clothes是不可数名词,不能加a。
答案:B
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