英语中的倒装句型是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。所谓完全倒装:就是将谓语动词置于主语前。剑桥国际教育(中国)名师总结了完全倒装句的形式以及使用方法。
1、完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件:①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词,且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时;②主语只能是名词。
here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首,句子需要完全倒装
[例句]
Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。
There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了!
Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。
[注意]
(1)在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词,像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。
(2)主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如:Away he went. 他走远了。
表示方位的状语放在句首,句子完全倒装;谓语动词多为be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物词。
[例句]
In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。
Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。
Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。
(表语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式)
So adj./advthat如此以至于(so引导的句子倒装,而that引导的句子不倒装!) (这种结构是半倒装句)需要完全倒装
[例句]
Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席会议的有经理,设计师和词作者。
Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。
Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是几位老教师,他们在认真地听新教师的课。
Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses. 农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。
Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相声是中国典型的喜剧,两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语非常清晰,别人都能听懂他的话。
2、注意分清在哪些情况下要采用倒装的形式
( 1 ) down . up , in , out , away 等表示位置移动的副词位于句首时。例如: Out rushed the children as soon as the hell rang .铃声一响,孩子们就冲了出去。
( 2 )表示时间、地点的副词或介词短语位于句首时,以及 not , never , hardly , seldom , little , scarcely , neither , nor 等否定词位于句首时。例如:
In the Station Was a grandma with a child .车站里有一位带着一个孩子的老奶奶。
Hardly did he watch TV , which was the reason why he succeeded .他几乎不看电视,这就是他成功的原因。
( 3 )虚拟条件句省略 if 时。例如:
Were 工 a bird , 1 couldfly freein the sky .如果我是一只鸟,我就能在天空里自由飞翔。
( 4 ) only 位于句首修饰状语时。例如:
Only when 1 decided to marry Rose , did Mary realize that she was wrong .只有在我决定与罗斯结婚的时候,玛丽才意识到她错了。
( 5 ) as 位于句首引导让步状语从句时。例如:
Tired as he felt , lie kept on working .他虽然感到疲倦,但仍坚持工作。
( 6 )用作频率状语的副词 often , always , every , other day 以及程度副词 so 或表示也的 so 位于句首时。例如: S0 busy is she that she has no time to spare .她很忙,抽不出时间 。
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