一、过去进行的构成与用法
前面讲到,现在进行时由am / is /are+现在分词构成。如果我们将现在进行时中的助动词am / is / are改为过去式was / were,那么现在进行时就变成了过去进行时,也就是说过去进行时由was / were + 现在分词构成。如:
He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。
第一句中的看书用了过去进行时,是因为当时看书的动作正在进行;第二句中的等也用了过去进行时,也是因为等这个动作昨天一直在持续。
二、过去进行的重要用法补充
1. 表示临时性
即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。如:
It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。
2. 表示计划
即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。如:
He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。
用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常有含有将来意义。如:
He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。
She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。
3. 表示委婉语气
动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如:
I was hoping you would give me some advice. 我希望你给我出点主意。
Good morning. I was wondering if you had two single rooms. 早上好,我不知道你们是否有两个单人房间。
一般过去时也有类似用法,相比之处,一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
4. 表示重复
过去进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever,等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用,强调动作的不断重复的。如:
They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到别人。
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
注:现在进行时也有类似用法,但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作,而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。
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