at/ beside/ by/ near
Ⅰ. at 靠近往往动作联系,意味着有目的、有意识的靠近,而by, beside, near只意味着就靠近而言。如:
① He sat at the desk. He wanted to read, 他坐到桌边,想看书。
Ⅱ. beside 在旁边;by = just at the side of 就在旁边。两者一般可通用。但by 比beside语势较强些,并多用于日常用语中。如:
① There is a hospital beside / by the river. 河边有一家医院。
[注]:指在某人身边时,常多用beside. Eg:
① The little boy is standing beside his mother.
Ⅲ. near 在附近或离不远,它表示的距离要比by / beside 来得远些。如:
① We live near the sea.我们住在海边。(表离海边有些距离)
② We live by / beside the sea.我们就住在海边。(表海就在身边)。
at/ in
Ⅰ. at 和 in 都可用在地点名词前,用at 时是把该地方视为一点,用in时则是把该地方看成一个范围。如:
① Are your classmates playing in the park? 你的同学都在公园里玩吗?
② They are waiting for you at the park. 他们在公园附近(里面)等你。
Ⅱ. at; in on 都可用在表时间的名词前。在点时间前用at; 在表某一天或某一天的某个段时间(morning, evening, day, night atc)名词前,用on; 在段时间名词前(星期;年;月;周等)用in. 如:
① Ill meet you at eight. 我们8:00 钟会面。
② See you on Monday morning. 星期一早上见。
③ The story happened in May.故事发生在5月份。
Ⅲ. 固定词组:如:in the morning ; at night.
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