1. seem/ look
(1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是似乎、好象、看起来。
The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。
He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。
seem能与to do结构连用,而look不能。
It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
They seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎已经完成了工作。
在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。
It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起来很忙。
It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。
(2) look用作看起来;好像时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。
The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。
The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。
2. such/ so
Dont be such a fool.别这么傻。
He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
(2) so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。
He is so kind! 他真好心!
Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚?
当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时,应该用so。
He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。
Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间!
3. either/ too/ also
(1)either用作也时是副词,常用于否定句句尾。
She is not a Japanese, Im not, either.她不是日本人,我也不是。
My sister doesnt like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。
(2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾,表示也。
He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。
Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗?
(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句,但一般位于句中。
We are also students.我们也是学生。
He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。
Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗?
4. if/ whether
在下列情况下只能用whether而非if:
(1)与or not连用时,只能用whether.
We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.
请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。
(2)后接动词不定式时,只能用whether.
Adam didnt know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。
He hasnt decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。
(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时,只能用whether.
Whether it will rain or snow, we dont mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。
Whether I won or lost, she didnt want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。
(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时,一般用whether.
The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。
Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。
if能引导条件状语从句,表示如果,假如,而whether没有此用法。
Well have a football match if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们要进行足球赛。
Ill tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告诉他。
If youre in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危险,请拨打110。
5. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost一般用某物来做主语,表示(某物)值、花费,既能指花费时间也能指金钱。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。
cost 还可以用作名词,表示成本、费用、价格、代价等。
Whats the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱?
They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。
(2) spend一般用某人来作主语,表示(某人)花费,付出,也能指时间或金钱,指时间时常与in搭配,指金钱时常与on或for搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。
(3) pay用作动词时,一般也以某人作主语,但一般指花钱、付款等,很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。
They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他穷得交不起学费。
pay还可以用作名词,意思为薪水、工资等。
Its hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。
(4)take也指花费(时间、金钱),但通常用某事、某物做主语,或用形式主语it.
How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久?
It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。
6. bad/ badly
这两个词的意思含有坏、糟、严重等意思,且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级worst 。
(1) bad是一个形容词,意思是坏的,糟糕的,差的,严重的。
I dont think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。
I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。
(2)badly是一个副词,意思是不好地,差,也可以表示程度,意为严重地,非常,极度。
We need help badly.我们急需帮助。
His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。
7. interested/ interesting
(1) interested是指对产生兴趣的,对感兴趣的,一般用人做主语,后常用介词in.
He was interested in biology before.他以前对生物感兴趣。
Im not interested in art.我对艺术不感兴趣。
(2)interesting的意思是有趣的,指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。
He is an interesting old man.他是个有趣的老头。
The interesting story attracted me. 这个有趣的故事吸引了我。
8. dead/ die/ death/ dying
(1) dead是形容词,意思为死了的、无生命的,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。
The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。
The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。
(2) die是动词,意思为死、死亡,是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用。
My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。
The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。
(3) death是名词,意思为死亡、去世等。
The memorial hall was built one year after his death.
他死后一年,纪念馆建成了。
His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的巨大损失。
(4) dying 是die的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是垂死的、即将死去的。
The doctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。
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