一、省略to的动词不定式
to是动词不定式常常带有的小品词,是动词不定式的标志。但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉。
1.作感官动词see,watch,hear,feel,notice等的宾语补足语时。如:
Wefeltthehouseshake.我们感到房屋摇晃。
2.作使役动词make,let,have等的宾语补足语时。如:
Sheletsusmeetheratthestation.她让我们去车站接她。
3.help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to.如:
Shehelpedhermother(to)prepareforChristmas.她帮助她母亲为圣诞节做准备。
4.Willyouplease?结构中,不定式符号to要省略。如:
Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?请你关上门,好吗?
5.hadbetter(not)结构中,不定式符号to要省略。如:
Youhadbetternottalkinclass.在课堂上,你最好不要说话。
6.wouldrather(宁愿)结构中,不定式符号to要省略。如:
Iwouldratherstayathome.我宁愿待在家里。
7.Whynot?结构中,紧跟其后的动词不定式要省略to.如:
WhynotaskJim?为什么不问问吉姆?
8.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时,第一个不定式前加to,后面的不定式往往省略to.如:
Hetoldmetofinishmyhomeworkand(to)handitin.他告诉我完成作业并把它交上去。
二、疑问词+动词不定式
疑问词what,which,how,where,when等可以和动词不定式连用,构成不定式短语。疑问词+动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语等。如:
Whentostartoffhasntbeendecidedyet.什么时候出发还没决定。(作主语)
Thequestioniswhichbustotake.问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。(作表语)
疑问词+动词不定式可以由名词从句简化而来。如:
IdontknowwhatIshouldsay.Idontknowwhattosay.
三、tooto/enoughto和sothat
sothat引导的结果状语从句可以用tooto和enoughto改成简单句,若从句是否定含义既可用too+形容词/副词+to改写,也可用not+形容词/副词(原句中形容词/副词的反义词)+enough+to改写;若从句是肯定含义常用enoughto改写。如:
1.Thegirlissoyoungthatshecantjointhearmy.
Thegirlistooyoungtojointhearmy.
或Thegirlisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.这个女孩太小不能参军。
2.Herunssofastthathecangettherefirst.
Herunsfastenoughtogettherefirst.他跑得够快,可以第一个到那儿。
认真生活,问自己这25个问题
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