雅思口语素材：古希腊12主神介绍(赫斯提亚)

　　下面雅思为大家整理介绍古希腊神话中的十二主神，烤鸭们可以对这十二主神和他们的故事有一个简单的了解，在雅思口语考试中也许能用得上哦。

　　古希腊神话有新旧两部神谱，十二诸神是新神谱系的十二位神仙，雷神宙斯、天后赫拉、海皇波塞冬、火焰女神赫斯提亚、大地女神德墨忒尔、美神阿弗洛迪斯、太阳神阿波罗、女战神雅典娜、战神阿瑞斯、月神阿尔特弥斯、众神使者赫尔墨斯、工神赫菲斯托斯。十二个主神都有鲜明的性格与七情六欲，具有人的性格和情绪，具有超人的特殊本领。

　　赫斯提亚Hestia

　　希腊神话中的女灶神、家宅的保护者。赫西奥德及其以后的作家认为她是克罗诺斯和瑞亚的女儿，赫拉、得墨忒尔等的姊妹，宙斯的姐姐。是早一辈的神，不过并非奥林匹斯12众神之一。

　　In Ancient Greek religion Hestia is the virgin goddess of the hearth, architecture, and the right ordering of domesticity, the family and the state. In Greek mythologyshe is a daughter of Cronus and Rhea.

　　Hestia received the first offering at every sacrifice in the household. In the public domain, the hearth of the prytaneum functioned as her official sanctuary. With the establishment of a new colony, flame from Hestias public hearth in the mother city would be carried to the new settlement. She sat on a plain wooden throne with a white woolen cushion and did not trouble to choose an emblem for herself. Her Roman equivalent is Vesta.

　　Myths and attributes

　　Hestia is a goddess of the first Olympian generation, along with Demeter and Hera. She was a daughter of the Titans Rhea and Cronus, and sister toZeus, Poseidon, Demeter, Hera and Hades. Immediately after their birth, Cronus swallowed all but the last and youngest, Zeus, who forced Cronus to disgorge his siblings and led them in a war against their father and the other Titans. As first to be devoured... and the last to be yielded up again, Hestia was thus both the eldest and youngest daughter; this mythic inversion is found in the Homeric hymn to Aphrodite . Hestia rejects the marriage suits of Poseidon and Apollo, and swears herself to perpetual virginity. She thus rejects Aphrodites values and becomes, to some extent, her chaste, domestic complementary, or antithesis. Zeus assigns Hestia a duty to feed and maintain the fires of the Olympian hearth with the fatty, combustible portions of animal sacrifices to the gods.

　　Hestias Olympian status is equivocal. At Athens in Platos time, notes Kenneth Dorter there was a discrepancy in the list of the twelve chief gods, as to whether Hestia or Dionysus was included with the other eleven. The altar to them at the agora, for example, included Hestia, but the east frieze of the Parthenon had Dionysus instead. Hestias omission from some lists of the Twelve Olympians is sometimes taken as illustration of her passive, non-confrontational nature by giving her Olympian seat to Dionysus she prevents heavenly conflict but no ancient source or myth describes such a surrender or removal. Since the hearth is immovable, Hestia is unable to take part even in the procession of the gods, let alone the other antics of the Olympians, Burkert remarks. Her mythographic status as first-born of Rhea and Cronus seems to justify the tradition in which a small offering is made to Hestia before any sacrifice .

　　The ambiguities in Hestias mythology are matched by her indeterminate attributes, character and iconography. She is identified with the hearth as a physical object, and the abstractions of community and domesticity, but portrayals of her are rare, and seldom secure. In classical Greek art, she is occasionally depicted as a woman, simply and modestly cloaked in a head veil. She is sometimes shown with a staff in hand.

　　Homeric hymn 24, To Hestia, is a brief invocation of five lines:

　　Hestia, you who tend the holy house of the lord Apollo, the Far-shooter at goodly Pytho, with soft oil dripping ever from your locks, come now into this house, come, having one mind with Zeus the all-wise: draw near, and withal bestow grace upon my song.

　　The hymn locates Hestia in ancient Delphi, the central hearth of all the Hellenes, rather than at the hearth of Zeus on Mount Olympus.

　　相关阅读

　　古希腊罗马神话里的神明繁多，其中最主要的为十二大主神。他们是：

　　1、宙斯Zeus：天神之父，也是众神之神，地上万物的最高统治者。用雷霆和叫做埃奎斯的神盾治理天和地。同时，宙斯还是个花心大萝卜，到处拈花惹草使他的妻子赫拉嫉妒。 详细

　　2、赫拉Hera：宙斯的妻子，神圣的婚姻女神，掌管婚姻，捍卫家庭。赫拉相当冷静并且拥有美好的身材。性格特征是嫉妒。详细

　　3、波塞冬Poseidon：海神，仅次于宙斯的强大的掌权者。波塞冬具有强大的力量，但他是一个头脑简单的神。他的兵器是三叉戟。详细

　　4、赫斯提亚Hestia：炉灶、火焰女神。谦让、随和、心地善良，深受众神的爱戴。详细

　　5、德墨忒尔Demeter：谷物、大地女神。她有着温和的态度、热情的笑容，但她很胆小。详细

　　6、阿佛洛狄忒Aphrodite：爱和美的女神。就是人们常说的维纳斯。她拥有白瓷般的肌肤，是个金发碧眼的美人。她是优雅和迷人的混合体，所有她的行为和语言都值得保留并用作典范。详细

　　7、阿波罗Apollon：太阳神，同时也是音乐、预言、弓箭、医疗之神。阿波罗是男神中最英俊的，他快乐、聪明，拥有阳光般明亮的气质，总是充满了勇气和力量，女人们都喜欢他。详细

　　8、雅典娜Athena：主管胜利、智慧和技艺的战争女神。她是从父亲宙斯的脑袋里诞生的女神，少言寡语，极具智慧，外表很酷，拥有很多fans。详细

　　9、阿瑞斯Ares：战神。总是一身盔甲，长相英俊，但因脾气暴躁喜欢大喊大叫众神都不太喜欢他，但偏偏爱与美的女神阿佛洛狄忒钟情于他。详细

　　10、阿尔忒弥斯Arthemis：月亮和狩猎女神，又是美丽而纯洁的处女神。她非常迷人，思维敏捷，做事果断，奔跑迅速，因此总是不可能在一个地方逗留太长的时间。详细

　　11、赫尔墨斯Hermes：宙斯的随从，牧童和游子之神。他是位兼具才华和魅力的神，常带着恶作剧般的微笑，行动迅速，是众神中最忙碌的一个。众神都很喜欢他。详细

　　12、赫菲斯托斯Hephaestus：手艺异常高超的铁匠之神。他又驼又瘸，是众神中最丑陋的神。但他的心地非常善良。