有关节日的雅思口语素材
December 25
The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians.
Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god - Marduk . Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Years festival that lasted for 12 days.
The Mesopotamian king would return to the temple of Marduk and swear his faithfulness to the god. The traditions called for the king to die at the end of the year and to return with Marduk to battle at his side.
To spare their king, the Mesopotamians used the idea of a mock king. A criminal was chosen and dressed in royal clothes. He was given all the respect and privileges of a real king. At the end of the celebration the mock king was stripped of the royal clothes and slain, sparing the life of the real king.
The Romans celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of Jo Saturnalia! the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae .
Jo Saturnalia! was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians though it an abomination to honor the pagan god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia.
But as Christianity spread they were alarmed by the continuing celebration of pagan customs and Saturnalia among their converts. At first the Church forbid this kind of celebration. But it was to no avail . Eventually it was decided that the celebration would be tamed and made into a celebration fit for the Christian Son of God.
Some legends claim that the Christian Christmas celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianitys main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas.
英语四级听力考试常考短语及惯用表达-C
英语四级听力提分宝典:有效的应试技巧
英语四级听力考试常考词汇总结(1)
英语四级听力考试常考短语及惯用表达-G
英语四级听力考试常考短语及惯用表达-H
英语四级听力考试常见习语用法解析(7)
英语四级听力最新场景词汇总结(13)
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(32)
备战.12英语四级30天攻克英语听力等值转换题
英语四级听力考试常考短语及惯用表达-R
英语四级听力试题原文答案点评——长对话(沪江版)
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(31)
英语四级听力最新场景词汇总结(16)
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(8)
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(7)
英语四级听力考试常考短语及惯用表达-D
英语四级听力最新场景词汇总结(12)
英语四级听力考试必看易混淆词汇总结(7)
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(38)
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(10)
英语四级听力最新场景词汇总结(10)
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(34)
英语四级考试听力速成:技巧与内功的结合
英语四级听力最新场景词汇总结(7)
备战.12英语四级30天攻克英语听力观点态度题
四级听力选择题 预读技巧要知道
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(13)
英语四级听力必备历真题常考场景词总结(18)
英语四级听力考试常考词汇总结(7)
英语四级听力考试常考词汇总结(6)
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |