雅思写作Task 1的常用表达整理

　　一、图形种类及概述法：

　　泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table

　　饼图：pie chart

　　直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram

　　趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram

　　表格图：table

　　流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram

　　程序图：processing/procedures diagram

　　以下是一些较常用的描述用法

　　The table/chart diagram/graph shows

　　According to the table/chart diagram/graph

　　As shown in the table/chart diagram/graph

　　As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures

　　figures/statistics shows ...

　　It can be seen from the figures/statistics

　　We can see from the figures/statistics

　　It is clear from the figures/statistics

　　It is apparent from the figures/statistics

　　table/chart/diagram/graph figures ...

　　table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how

　　......

　　阅卷考官经常是不会看那些图表的，因此文章必须逻辑清晰，如果描述得能令人在脑海里勾画出那个data chart，这篇task1无疑会达到8分的水平。开篇的第一句话可以是一句高度概括性的introduction;这样做不仅使文章更趋于完美，而且可以达到凑字数的目的。接下来另起一段开始进行描述，这当中经常要连续使用非限定性定于从句，从而使得描述过程流畅、清晰。最后也可再另起一段进行简短的综述。上述的任何一个步骤都要遵循依据现有data进行客观描述的原则，任何推测性或议论性的内容写得再多、再精彩不仅不会加分，而且还会成为扣分的因素。

　　二、data的具体表达法

　　data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time

　　在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time

　　持续变化的data在不同情况下:

　　增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ...

　　减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ...

　　波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ...

　　稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ...

　　最常用的两种表达法：

　　动词 + 副词形式

　　形容词 + 名词形式

　　1. Verb+Adverb form

　　The number of XXX

　　+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate...

　　+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly...

　　+from to / between and

　　2. Adjective+Noun form

　　There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight

　　+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation

　　+in the number of XXX from to / between and

　　描述稳定的data：

　　The number of XXX remained steady/stable from to / between and

　　The number of XXX stayed the same from to / between and

　　There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from to / between and

　　描述不同状态的data

　　Noun form:

　　steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop

　　Verbal form:

　　 bottom out / reach the bottom / increase gradually / reach a plateau / remain steady

　　描述the highest point以及the lowest point

　　高点极值：

　　The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ...

　　+peaked in 准确时间点用at XXX at XXX% / XXX

　　或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX

　　低点极值：

　　XXX bottomed out / reached

　　+rock / the bottom / a low point

　　或者hit a trough

　　此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：

　　并列： as well as also as well either neither too moreover furthermore in addition additionally besides whats more apart from ...

　　举例： for example for instance to illustrate as an illustration in particular particularly especially

　　事实： as a matter of fact in fact actually as long as so long as ...

　　雷同/近似：similarly likewise at the same time equally ...

　　转折： however whereas nevertheless nonetheless though although even though while yet on the contrary contrarily in contrast conversely on the other hand unlikely in stead in spite of despite of ...

　　原因与结果

　　1. cause-suggestion

　　since / now that ...; I hope that...

　　because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + sth I hope that...

　　2. cause-effect

　　XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ...

　　 therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / so ...

　　3. effect-cause

　　XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ...

　　 because ...

　　it is adj. that ...

　　it is unimaginable that ...

　　it is undeniable that ...

　　it is interesting to discover that ...

　　三、其它相关常用词

　　1. 主章开头

　　图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph

　　描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent

　　内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion

　　2. 表示数据

　　一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10%

　　最高点：peaked; reached a peak / high point

　　bottomed out; reached the bottom

　　变化：recover 略有回升; increase; jump; rise/rose; climb

　　decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce

　　fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定

　　remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change

　　变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的

　　rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的

　　dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的

　　significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的

　　sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的

　　steep/steeply 急剧升降的

　　steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的

　　gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的

　　slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的

　　slight/slightly轻微的、略微地

　　stable/stably 稳定的

　　表示范围：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多长时间直到

　　表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多

　　nearly adv. 几乎，密切地

　　approximately adv. 近似的，大约

　　about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围

　　just over 刚超过

　　over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾

　　exactly adv. 正确地，严密地

　　precisely adv. 正好 精确地;清晰地

　　比例：20 per cent 20%

　　one in three 1/3

　　one out of every four 1/4

　　3. 其它在描述中的常用到的词

　　significant changes 图中一些较大变化

　　noticeable trend 明显趋势

　　during the same period 在同一时期

　　grow/grew 增长

　　distribute 分布，区别

　　unequally 不相等地

　　pronounced 明显的

　　average 平均

　　no doubt 无疑地

　　corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的

　　represent vt. 阐述，表现

　　overall 总体上讲

　　except 除外

　　in the case of adv. 在...的情况下

　　in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面

　　in contrast 相反，大不相同

　　in conclusion adv. 最后，总之

　　in comparison 相比之下

　　inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地

　　in general 通常，大体上，一般而言

　　range from

　　excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外

　　lower v.降低，跌落

　　elapse vi.过去，消逝

　　category n.种类

　　government policy 政府政策

　　market forces 市场规率

　　measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节

　　forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测