雅思写作：如何运用复合句写漂亮的段落

　　一、 复合句的种类

　　英语的复合句一般分为三大类型：名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。

　　 名词性从句

　　在整个复合句中起名词作用，充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。名词性从句主要有以下几种：

　　1. that 引导的从句 e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car.

　　2. whether/if 引导的从句 e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has become an issue of controversy.

　　3. how/why/when/where引导的从句 e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia.

　　4. who/whom/whose/what/which引导的从句 e.g. Who should be responsible for the environmental degradation is still unknown.

　　 形容词性从句

　　具有形容词功能，在复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句。被修饰的名词、词组或代词被称为先行词。形容词性从句分为两种类型：

　　由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的从句。 例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical.

　　由关系副词when, where, why引导的从句。例如: I would like to analyze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling.

　　 副词性从句

　　副词性从句也称为状语从句，主要用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。大致分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

　　时间状语从句 e.g. When everyone is fully aware of the severity of fresh water scarcity and takes effective measures, I am convinced that we will tackle this problem constructively.

　　 地点状语从句 e.g. Where there is smoke, there is fire.

　　 原因状语从句 e.g. Pets should be forbidden because they may spread diseases and damage the cityscape.

　　 目的状语从句 e.g. Old people should be encouraged to live in a nursing house so that they can enjoy professional care and first-rate facilities.

　　 结果状语从句 e.g. Some government officials fail to recognize the potential hazards of improper waste disposal, so that the environment in some cities is deteriorating.

　　 条件状语从句 e.g. If we continue to overlook the increasing waste in Guangzhou, it is likely that Guangzhou will become a huge landfill site sooner or later.

　　让步状语从句 e.g. While I admit that smoking has some side-effects, I still feel that it is ridiculous to ban smoking in public places.

　　 比较状语从句 e.g. Red is two times as much as Blue.

　　 方式状语从句 e.g. Just as we protect less able human beings, so we should safeguard the welfare of other weaker species.

　　二、怎样高效运用复合句写好引言段

　　Well begun is half done是大家耳熟能详的英语谚语。也就是说，一个漂亮的开头，往往是文章写作成功的一半。尤其在雅思和新托福写作考试中，好的开头往往能够在瞬间吸引考官眼球，留下良好的第一印象。那么，我们怎样才能写漂亮的引言段呢?首先，我们要做到开门见山，明确写作话题和目的。怎样才能做到开门见山?我们可以采用以下几种方式：

　　1. 采用统计数字引出话题，把问题呈现在读者面前;

　　2. 提出有争议性的问题，激发读者兴趣，使其积极参与讨论;

　　3. 以新颖的观点，吸引读者注意力;

　　4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;

　　5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;

　　6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。

　　其次，要善于运用复合句，从而使引言段简洁明了，开宗明义。下面我们将探讨雅思与新托福各种题材和体裁文章引言段的写作方法。

　　 引用数据呈现讨论的话题，说明问题的严重性或者重要性，引起读者的关注。下面我们结合几道雅思和新托福作文话题进行实战演练。

　　我们在写关于体罚的话题文章时，可以这样开头：It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue.

　　而我们在写关于该不该禁烟的话题时，可以这样开头：A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight.