Animals were friends or foes of humanity at different stages of the human history. In modern times, experiments upon animals have been a breeding ground for spirited debate. Some animal rights activists argue that we should ban animal experiments altogether because subjecting animals to experimentation is unwarranted on moral grounds, whereas some other people contend that the advancement of science necessitates animal testing. Personally, I am in favor of the latter view.
Granted, mounting empirical evidence suggests that many animal experiments are performed callously without any heed to the discomfort or pain that laboratory mammals endure. For one thing, improper confinement of test animals such as locking them up in cramped cages is inhumane; and this, in turn, can severely disrupt natural biological functions of the test animal. For another, the effects of vaccination or vivisection conducted on live mammals can be chilling. In extreme cases, they constitute sheer torture of animals.
Nevertheless, from a more pragmatic standpoint, evidence abounds that animal subjects are still an indispensable part of scientific research at this phase of human development. In the first place, drug experimentation on live mammals is, indisputably, far more effectual than experimentation on bacteria or on other lower species in determining drug safety. Medical history informs that drugs that can potentially exert grave side effects on homo sapiens must be tested by pharmaceutical companies on live mammals first to ascertain their toxicity. In the second place, in the realm of space research, live animals are still practical alternatives on a flight not considered to be sufficiently safe for human astronauts. And I would be hard-pressed to imagine the scenario that human lives should be put at stake when the objective of a space mission is merely to identify living creatures reaction to outer space experience. Lastly, lab research about the behavioral tendencies of chimpanzees, gorillas or other members of the primate group is also a worthy endeavor, in light of the fact that it generates outcomes consistently advancing anthropological and genetic sciences.
To conclude, I concede that experiments upon animals may induce suffering to the test animals. However, it is generally arguable that there are no practical alternatives to this methodology at the current stage of scientific development. On balance , I am convinced that what we should do is to allow animals testing to be continued but at the same time use techniques such as analgesic, anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs to minimize the pain of the test animal.
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词27
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词34
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母D单词4
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词58
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词47
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词42
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词33
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词49
英语四级单词一笑而过List7
英语四级单词一笑而过List9
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词60
Staff of Wizard魔力法杖
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词45
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母D单词10
Hood of Defiance挑战头巾
Ghost Scepter幽灵权杖
Betrayal背叛
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母D单词13
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词5
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词31
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词59
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词38
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词28
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词56
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词35
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母D单词27
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母D单词17
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词37
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词53
英语四级高频词汇精华版首字母C单词41
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |