雅思写作确立观点的几条原则(上)

　　1.经济原则

　　1)钱

　　女人就业：

　　Women find they must work to earn enough money to provide for their family.

　　Once they get married， the majority of women continue working since the financial pressures of setting up a house and establishing a reasonable standard of living often require two incomes.

　　Those professional childcare facilities come at a cost and often require two salaries coming into a family to be afforded.

　　Indeed it could be argued that by giving mothers the opportunity to work and earn extra money children can be better provided for than previously. There is more money for luxuries and holidays and a more secure family life is possible.

　　艺术：

　　The arts can be an important attraction for tourists， bringing considerable revenue into the country.

　　Government subsidy of the arts is unnecessary as if art is good enough， then people will pay for it. If art is not good enough to be popular， then government should not reward it for its failure.

　　Art is not a commodity.

　　死刑：

　　It is cheaper to kill them than to imprison for life.

　　Prisons in many countries are over-crowded and under-funded， and this problem is made worse by life sentences or delayed death sentences for murderers.

　　全球化：

　　Globalisation has increased world prosperity.

　　血腥运动：

　　Many rural communities would be devastated by a ban on hunting.

　　英语国际语言：

　　If everyone spoke the same language it would be much easier for people to move and work in different countries or to conduct trade with each other.

　　穿校服：

　　Parents often find some uniform items， e.g. jackets， very expensive compared to the rest of their childs wardrobe， and complain they can never be worn outside the school environment.

　　控制人口：

　　They identify population control as a means to raising living standards.

　　If education does not succeed within a time scale， it may be necessary to consider other measures， such as tax incentives or child-benefit payments for small families only.

　　童工：

　　However， in many countries children work because their families need the additional income， no matter how small.

　　It is an unfortunate fact that many employers prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults and it is this type of exploitation that should be discouraged.

　　教育还是治疗：

　　There is also an economic argument for doing so. Statistics demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of treating a condition in the early stages， rather than delaying until more expensive and prolonged treatment is necessary.

　　旅游：

　　Tourism is the largest industry in the world. It surpasses trade in oil， steel， and armaments in total dollar value and in employment created.

　　Often large sums of money are needed to attract tourists， so significant capital investment may be wasted.

　　太空：

　　Space exploration is a waste of resources.

　　Our dreams of exploring space are a luxury we cannot afford.

　　禁烟：

　　A further point is that governments throughout the world make huge profits from levying taxes on cigarettes. This provides funds which are used for building schools， hospitals and other public amenities.

　　A further issue is that smoking costs governments millions of pounds because of the large number of people who need treatment in hospitals for smoking related problems.

　　2)就业：

　　女人就业：

　　This also helps to create jobs in the childcare sector， generating employment for more people.

　　核能：

　　The nuclear industry is a major employer.

　　父母共同照顾孩子：

　　The economic and employment situation in many countries means that jobs are getting more， not less， stressful， requiring long hours and perhaps long journeys to work as well. Therefore it may remain for many a desirable ideal rather than an achievable reality.

　　旅游：

　　Tourism increases employment opportunities. Additional jobs， ranging from low-wage， entry level to high-paying professional positions in management and technical fields， generate income and raise standards of living. As tourism increases in importance， tourism-related employment needs will also increase.

　　Many hotels are part of large international chains， choosing to exploit local labour purely because it is cheap.

　　禁烟：

　　The tobacco industry also employs tens of thousands of people throughout the world.

　　3)时间：

　　电视：

　　Nowadays many people spend the biggest part of their free time watching television.

　　兼职工作：

　　After-school jobs are bad for teenagers because they take time away from studying.

　　运动：

　　Sport is a waste of school time and resources.

　　2.生理原则：

　　体育课：

　　Encouraging physical activity in the young through compulsory PE fights child obesity and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise.

　　体罚：

　　The actual physical damage inflicted via corporal punishment on children can be horrifying.

　　Some parents lose control and can injure children - even breaking bones or causing bruises.

　　禁烟：

　　There is little doubt that smoking tobacco is extremely harmful to the smokers health.

　　配枪：

　　Routinely arming police officers allows them to defend themselves.

　　3.心理原则

　　电视：

　　Depression is a well-known psychological problem of modern society. The popularity of TV watching is among the reasons of this phenomenon. Violence， aggression， crimes and wars are broadcast through the daily news as well as in movies， showing dark pictures that encourage psychological tension， pessimism and negative emotions.

　　While TV and movies shouldnt be a way to hide from life， sometimes it can help us to cope.

　　压力：

　　Some students have mental breakdowns and， in extreme cases， attempt suicide because they cannot handle the pressure.

　　体罚：

　　They learn that force is an acceptable factor in human interaction; they feel humiliated and lose self-respect.

　　A physical punishment is likely to provoke resentment and further misbehavior.

　　课外活动：

　　Without the opportunity to do this， they could grow up immature and unformed.

　　Iit is also important to remember that children need to relax as well as work. If everything they do must have educational or academic relevance， then they will soon get tired of studying altogether， which is the last thing parents would want.

　　抽烟：

　　First， smoking undoubtedly helps many people to relax.

　　Indeed the more of a forbidden fruit cigarettes become， the more attractive they will be to adolescents.

　　媒体：

　　Excessive sex and violence in the media can lead to similar behaviour in viewers .

　　Psychologists claim that television does not have a simple， direct stimulus-response effect on its audiences.

　　配枪：

　　Routinely arming the police is an effective deterrent to criminal behaviour.

　　People may feel safer when they see armed police， especially if they perceive them as a response to a heightened risk.