分词和动名词的应用是雅思作文中的高分技巧,因为这两种动词的变化形式的应用体现了考生对词汇的掌握能力很高,也突出了考生词汇量的掌握。现在,雅思为大家整理分词和动名词的相关信息供大家参考。
1.分词
分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的特征。分词在雅思作文中的作用非常明显,由于考生整体上对于分词掌握的并不是十分好,所以在雅思作文中出现恰当的分词,会给雅思作文加分不少。
分词的时态和语态
1)构成:
①现在分词的构成:
主动态:一般式;完成式
被动态:一般式being done;完成式
否定式:一般式;完成式
V-ing分词的被动态结构表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing分词所表示的动作的承受者。
The problem being discussed is of importance.
Having been invited to speak.Ill start making preparations this evening.
②过去分词的构成:
只有一种形式,表示被动意义已完成了的动作或状态。1
Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.
My taxes having been paid the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.
2)时态:
①现在分词的一般式表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He came to visit me,bringing his girl friend with him.
Hearing the good news,she burst into laughing.
②现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。这个比较难,也是雅思作文的高分应用技巧之一
Having finished her homework,she went to bed.
Having worked in the fields for two hours.they had a rest.
2.动名词
在雅思作文中,动名词可以让语句看起来结构非常紧凑,不罗嗦。动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的一些特征。
动名词的时态与语态
1)构成:与V-ing分词的构成相同
2)时态:
①动名词的完成式表示其动作先于谓语动词的动作。
They regret not having taken your advice.
He was praised for having made such a contribution to the company.
②动名词的一般式也可表示一个先于谓语动词的动作。
I remember seeing a film.
He admitted to stealing the book.
3)动名词的被动语态:
①动名词的被动语态表示它的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的承受者。
He dislikes being interrupted during his study.
Several of the customers complain of having been treated very rudely.
②动名词的被动态有自己的逻辑主语。
He was so surprised at being discovered that he didnt even try to run away.
The workers were proud of their products being praised highly by the buyers.
在雅思作文中,分词和动名词的应用都是能帮助考生拿高分的技巧。大家在能够基本掌握雅思作文语句的正确书写的情况下可以练习这两种方法,为自己的雅思作文加分。最后,雅思预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩!
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