雅思写作中的“双边”讨论文章

　　雅思写作的双边讨论型文章一直是老师和学生较为推崇采用的写作结构，除了写作题目本身出题的偏好性多以两面讨论为主，清晰的结构，多角度的思路更利于学生在较短的时间里构建出符合字数要求和题目立意的文章。但是，尽管一些学生在规定时间内完成了达到字数的文章，却仍然不能取得理想的分数，与其交流分析后发现，多半是对题目意图理解不够明晰，言不对题成为了学生的普遍弊病。许多学生对于双边的理解过于笼统，常常抓住题目某个字眼，简单构建赞成和反对的主体结构，或是一味认为双边就是利弊，因而导致偏题甚至离题。

　　针对这种现象，专家分析了近年的考题，对双边讨论型文章的架构进行了较为明确的分类，以帮助学生更好地分析题目，更为准确地构建双边结构。

　　一、利弊分析

　　09.1.17 Nowadays, people in some countries can choose to live and work anywhere they want, because of the improvement of the communication technology and transport. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

　　此类题目中常有利弊字眼，或者在指令部分提出进行利弊对比分析，常见词如advantage, benefit, usefulness；disadvantage, drawback, limitation等，考生只需对题目细节进行把握，弄清主旨，再构建好处 坏处的主体部分，列举观点。

　　该题主要就人们可以随意选择生活和工作的地方的现象进行讨论，考生可多联系社会现状，总结利弊即可。

　　相似考题：

　　2010.2.20 Most countries want to improve standard of living through economic development, however, others think social value is lost as a result. Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?

　　二、补充说明

　　09.2.28 Some people believe that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others think that this has little effect and other measures are required. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

　　此类题目特点十分突出，一方面有the only, the most等强调字眼，另一方面提出other的其他观点，细想之下，后者似对前者的补充，主体段可先对前者进行承认，但不要承认其绝对性，为后文做好铺垫，在论述另一方面时，主要使用列举法进行说明。

　　该题是对如何提高公众健康的措施进行讨论，首先可分析建设体育设施的好处所在，再列举一些其他有效措施，便可以达到两面兼顾又不至于偏颇的目的。

　　相似考题：

　　2010.2.6 Air travel can only benefit the richest people in the world. The ordinary people can get no advantage with the development of air travel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　三、对立比较

　　09.1.15 Students at schools and universities learn far more from lessons with teachers than from other sources . To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　此类题目的特点是：两方面在某种层面上属于对立关系，可以分别讨论其利弊，以达到比较的效果。就该题而言，跟老师学还是从其他资源上获得知识是个老话题，分别讨论教师的作用和其他来源的好处，进行对比便是应对此题的最好办法，有时双方互为优劣，仅提及好处即可。

　　相似考题：

　　2010.2.11 Some people think that politicians have the greatest influence on the world. Other people, however, believe that scientists have the greatest influence. Discuss both of views and give your opinion.

　　四、分类说明

　　09.4.30 Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people. Others think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

　　这类题目常让考生觉得棘手，两个方面似乎都有道理，但处理不好又会搬起石头砸自己的脚，前后论述自相矛盾。这个时候，如果能够对题目进行分类说明，便豁然开朗。

　　该题主要讨论的是博物馆的功能是教育还是娱乐，科技、自然博物馆及一些主题博物馆如杜莎夫人蜡像馆都是属于后者，而历史、军事乃至革命博物馆就有前者意义。

　　相似考题：

　　09.5.21

　　A hundred years ago, people think that human race is steadily improving in every area of life. Nowadays, there is no certainty of this case. In which areas do you think we have made important progress nowadays? In which areas do you think we still need to make progress?

　　针对这四种类型的分析方法，考生可利用历年真题进行分析练习，做到胸有成竹，在下笔之前有个清晰明确的脉络，做到事半功倍。