在IELTS听力考试中,替换是出题者经常使用的一个原则,而且每套试题中都必然多次出现。在最近的CAMBRIDGE III 中,这种出题方式也得到了充分的体现。可见考生掌握这种题目的重要性了。
这种替换出现在题干中的关键词和关键词组不会在原文中直接出现,而是通过一些语言手段在磁带中传递出来,迷惑考生,现将出题原则总结如下:
1.同义词的替换。在剑桥III 的第4套听力题目中,SPEAKER 在磁带中使
用了downside,drawback和weak point 来代替题目中的disadvantage,
又如society 和community之间的替换,sign替换indication; cost 和
price等。
2.同义词组的替换。例如:题目中的main attraction 在听力原文中可能是
以you cant miss particularly 来表达的; 又如, at the time=in the
past, aim at= in order to, high labour turnover=high rate of staff
change等常考的词组,请考生注意总结 。
3.逻辑关系的替换。 这是考试中最难的一种替换关系。好在考在阅读部分
的可能多。最常见的是因果关系的替换。原文中是A affect B ,那麽在答案
中可能是以because A , B的形式出现 .
4.主动与被动的替换:例如,Coffee farming provides work for 30 million
people 替换成了 30 million people earn a living by growing coffee.
5.加减关系的替换:某题原文为Er, the bottles made in most places
contain about three-quarters new glass and the rest is recycled.该题题干为 Most bottle makers use about __% recycled glass.用总数1减去
3/4得1/4,再转换成百分数即得答案,正确答案为25%
考生在做题时如遇到某到题目题干原文关键词的替换出现,则应提高警惕,不要总是想当然得认为原文中一定会出现题目中的原文。
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