【1】同现关系出现的信号词句词汇链
同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性。在语篇中,围绕一定的话题,一定的词往往会同时出现,而其他一些词汇就不大可能出现或根本不会出现。这种词的同现关系与语篇范围关系非常密切。例如:
There are five people in my family. They all work in this city. My father is a doctor. My mother is a nurse. My brother is a driver. My sister is a teacher.
在这一语段中有两组词汇同现关系,第一组是people,my family,father,mother,brother,sister;第二组是 work,doctor,nurse,driver,teacher。把这两组词汇串在一起分析,就能非常容易地判断出该语篇的主题是谈论家人的职业。
在语言运用中,人们发现在意义上相互关联的词汇经常同时出现在某一语篇中,这些词语属于同一个词汇套,形成了词汇链,因而,当人们遇到其中一个词语即信号词句,便会由此联想到词汇套中的另一些词。例如,听到邮局这个信号词时,人们通常会联 想到寄信、汇款、挂号信、邮票、包裹等词语。所以,当一个词汇链的词语出现在一个语篇或语段中时,这些词语就能衔接句子,起着连 句成篇的作用。
【2】复现关系出现的信号词句重复性词汇
复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中,语篇的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接。
注意下面雅思听力测试的某一语段中的黑体词:
Clerk: Can I help you this evening, sir?
Traveler: Yes, please. Id like... Im traveling to San Francisco.
Clerk: OK, do you have your tickets already this evening?
Traveler: Yes ,I do.
Clerk: OK, sir, would you like smoking or non-smoking seats this evening?
Traveler: Er, no smoking please.
Clerk; OK, this evening youre going to be traveling out on flight 317. Your seat is 17A,
non-smoking,window.
Traveler: Thank you very much indeed. Do you need to see my passport?
Clerk: Ah,no sir.
Traveler: Thank you very much.
Clerk: Was there any bags youd like checked this evening?
Traveler: Yes, please, one.
Clerk: OK. Is your name and address on your bag, sir?
Traveler: Yes, it is.
Clerk: OK, thatll be one bag checked to San Francisco this evening. Your claim check is
stapled in the back of your ticket jacket. Your flight will be departing out of Gate
22 this evening. Boarding time is 6:40 and your flight leaves at 7 0clock.
Traveler: Thank you very much indeed.
Clerk: OK, have an enjoyable flight this evening.
四六级词汇必备之常考词组8
四级考点词汇及模拟题解析(一)
四六级词汇必备之象声词
四六级考点词汇及真题解析之J字头
新四级词汇题评点及策略
四级词汇必备之常考词组19
四级词汇辩义汇总
四级词汇必备之常考词组2
新四级词汇(三)
四级语法必备之关于虚拟语气的几个要点1
四六级真题考点词汇解析:H
四六级单词记忆法2
四级词汇必备之常考词组6
四六级词汇必备之常考词组10
四级词汇必备之常考词组12
四六级单词记忆的五种习惯
四级必备之近义词组
四六级词汇必备之常考词组20
四级词汇必备之常考词组3
四六级相似词语辨析:also和too
四级考点词汇及模拟题解析(二)
四级词汇必备之相似单词总结篇
四级词汇与结构应试对策
四六级词汇必备之常考词组9
四级词汇必备之常考词组15
四六级词汇必备之常考词组7
四六级阅读核心词汇汇总
四六级单词记忆法1
四级翻译必备之英汉类同成语
四级词汇必备之与雨相关词汇的表达
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