成品油定价机制改革迎来新突破。国家发展改革委13日宣布,为国内汽柴油价格调整设定 “地板价”和“天花板价”,同时宣布将国内汽柴油最高零售价格下调到位。

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China has launched a new pricing system for fuel which sets up a price floor and ceiling. Under the system, the price floor is at 40 U.S. dollars a barrel and the price ceiling at 130 dollars.
中国公布了新的油价机制,设定了40美元/桶的“地板价”和130美元/桶的“天花板价”。
我们所说的“地板价”,也就是“最低价”可以用price floor(价格下限)表示。与之相对的“天花板价”,也就是“最高价”可以用price ceiling(价格上限)表示。政府制定“地板价”或“天花板价”还可以用set a floor/ceiling for 来表达,比如:The NDRC set a floor and ceiling for oil price.
根据国家发改委公布的新成品油定价机制(fuel pricing scheme),国内油价调控上限为130美元,下限为40美元。当国际油价(international oil prices)高于每桶130美元时,国内汽、柴油最高零售价不提或少提;低于40美元时,汽、柴油零售价(retail price of gasoline and diesel)不降低;在40—130美元之间时,国内成品油价格按机制正常调整。
有关负责人表示,此次为油价调整设置“地板价”,主要是为了维持国内正常的原油生产,保证能源安全;同时也有利于促进节能减排(energy saving and emission reduction)和能源结构调整。
专家指出,设置“天花板”价格是为了维护消费者利益(protect consumers' interests),而设置“地板价”是为了保证正常的市场供应(safeguard oil supply),这都是应对国际油价大幅波动(violent fluctuations in international oil prices)所采取的必要措施。
发改委同时设立了风险准备金(reserve fund),主要用于节能减排、提升油品质量(increase the quality of fuel)及保障石油供应安全等方面。
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