当地时间12日,一份历史性协议在法国巴黎诞生!《联合国气候变化框架公约》的近200个缔约方达成新的全球气候协定——《巴黎协定》。
12月12日,在巴黎北部市郊的布尔歇展览中心,法国外交部长、巴黎气候变化大会主席法比尤斯(左三)在巴黎气候变化大会上落锤,标志着巴黎气候协议的达成。当日,《联合国气候变化框架公约》近200个缔约方在巴黎达成新的全球气候协议。 新华社记者 周磊 摄
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The 195-nation U.N. climate summit concluded with delegates adopting the Paris Agreement, the first-ever global climate deal of this sweep and ambition.
参加巴黎出席气候大会的195国谈判代表最终达成《巴黎协定》,《巴黎协定》也成为历史上首个关于气候变化的全球性协定。
经过了极其艰难的冲刺阶段,巴黎气候变化大会终于通过了一项历史性的(historic)全球气候变化新协定《巴黎协定》(the Paris Agreement),为2020年后全球应对气候变化行动做出安排。
《巴黎协定》共29条,包括目标、减缓、适应、损失损害、资金、技术、能力建设、透明度、全球盘点等内容。2020年后,各国将以“国家自定贡献”(nationally determined contribution)的方式参与全球应对气候变化行动。
长远目标(the long-term goal):确保全球平均气温较前工业化水平升高控制在2摄氏度之内(make sure the global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels),并为把升温控制在1.5摄氏度之内“付出努力”("pursue efforts" to limit the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius)。
减排目标(emissions targets):与会各方同意每隔5年重新设定各自的减排目标(set national targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions every five years)。目前已有180多个国家和地区提交了从2020年起始的五年期限内减排目标。
评估目标(reviewing targets): 与会各方今后4年内重新评估各自的减排目标,以便适时做出调整。
透明度(Transparency):要求缔约方汇报各自的温室气体排放情况以及减排进展,但赋予发展中国家适度“弹性”(flexibility)。
资金(money): 要求发达国家继续向发展中国家提供资金援助,从而帮助后者减少碳排放以及适应气候变化(wealthy countries should continue to offer financial support to help poor countries reduce their emissions and adapt to climate change)。
损失破坏(loss and damage):该协定 “承认”损失和破坏的内容,主要是针对由气候变化引发的灾难(recognizing "loss and damage" associated with climate-related disasters)。
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