上海电影节 开放市场浪潮中保护本土电影

SHANGHAI — The Shanghai International FilmFestival may have played only a minor role in theblockbuster success of “Transformers: Age ofExtinction in China last year. The film, which earnedwhat was then a record $319 million after debutingas the closing film at the festival, was alreadyguaranteed a certain degree of success, given thehistory of its franchise in China. But its opening hereraised the international profile of a festival that hasestablished itself as one of the most prominentevents of its kind in the region.

上海——对于《变形金刚4：绝迹重生》(Transformers: Age of Extinction)去年在中国取得的巨大成功，上海国际电影节也许只起到了很小的作用。作为闭幕影片在上海电影节首映后，《变形金刚4：绝迹重生》收获了创纪录的19.7亿元人民币的票房收入。鉴于这一系列电影在中国过去的表现，它本就基本注定会取得成功。不过，上海国际电影节在逐渐成为亚洲地区最重要的电影盛事之一，而《变形金刚4：绝迹重生》在此首映提升了电影节的国际影响力。

This year, organizers are opting for a lower-profile film to fill the symbolic slot.

今年，主办方打算用一部较为低调的影片来承担这一象征性的荣誉。

The event, which kicked off on Saturday and runs through Sunday, opens and closes with twohomegrown productions: The Chinese film “I Am Somebody, a self-financed comedy directedby Derek Yee about the lives of the nameless extras working at the famous Hengdian WorldStudios near Shanghai, will make its world premiere as the opening film of the festival. Theevent will close with a Chinese-Russian co-production set during World War II called “Ballet inthe Flames of War and directed by Yachun Dong and Nikita Mikhalkov. The selection of theclosing film follows an agreement signed last September between Russia and China intended toincrease cooperation in the film domain.

上海国际电影节于上周六拉开帷幕，将持续至本周日，开幕和闭幕影片均为本土出品：华语电影《我是路人甲》将作为开幕影片完成全球首映，闭幕影片则是中俄合拍片《战火中的芭蕾》。《我是路人甲》由尔冬升(Derek Yee)执导，是一部自筹资金拍摄的喜剧片，讲述籍籍无名的临时演员在离上海不远的著名影视城横店的生活。《战火中的芭蕾》则以二战为背景，由董亚春和尼基塔·米哈尔科夫(Nikita Mikhalkov)共同执导。闭幕影片的选择源于去年9月中俄两国签署的一项意在加强双方在电影方面的合作的协议。

The pivot back toward domestic productions is the latest in an ongoing struggle in China tostrike a balance between opening its market to international players and protecting its relativelyyoung film industry. Combined with Hollywood’s eagerness to get a piece of China’s massivefilm market, which just topped the United States market for the first time in February in termsof box office receipts, the dynamic between the two is often characterized as competitive andcollaborative.

中国一直力求在向国际电影开放本国市场和保护中国相对年轻的电影产业之间取得平衡，而此次电影节向本土电影的回归是追求这种平衡的最新举措。今年2月，中国市场的票房收入第一次超越了美国市场，好莱坞迫切希望能在中国巨大的电影市场中分一杯羹。这些因素加起来，使得中外电影之间通常既是竞争关系，也是合作关系。

Officials like Hu Jinjun — the director of the Shanghai Administration of Culture, Radio, Film andTV, the government agency that organizes the festival — prefer to emphasize the latter. “Webelieve there is no ‘PK’ relationship between the Chinese film industry and Hollywood, instead aprocess of mutual understanding and exchange, said Mr. Hu in a written response toquestions, using a gaming term that means to engage in combat. “In China, we admireHollywood’s maturity and advanced film technologies, while Hollywood understands China'svast film market and rich cultural heritage.

主办上海国际电影节的是政府机关上海市文化广播影视管理局。局长胡劲军等官员更喜欢强调双方的合作。“中国电影和好莱坞之间我认为并不存在‘PK’的关系，而是一个大家相互了解、认识的过程，胡局长书面答复采访提问时表示，其中用到了一个意为交锋的游戏术语。“中国电影了解好莱坞的技术、成熟的工业体系，好莱坞了解中国庞大的电影市场和文化底蕴。

Now in its 18th year, the Shanghai festival attracts stars and top industry players from theregion and abroad. Jackie Chan, Fan Bingbing and Mike Tyson were among the celebritieswalking the red carpet at the opening ceremony.

上海电影节如今走到了第18个年头，吸引了亚洲内外的明星和业内顶级人士。开幕式上走红毯的明星包括了成龙、范冰冰和迈克·泰森(Mike Tyson)。

The events this year include 1,200 screenings of more than 300 films at 45 locations aroundShanghai, China’s cosmopolitan capital.

今年的电影节将在中国的时尚之都上海的45处地点展映300余部影片，场次达1200场。

“Over the years the festival has really upped its game and established itself as a leading filmfestival in Asia, said David U. Lee, the chief executive of Leeding Media, a producer anddistributor of films in Los Angeles and Beijing and has been attending since 2005.

“上海电影节的确在逐年发展，把自己打造成亚洲地区的一个主要电影节，李鼎传媒(Leeding Media)首席执行官李威达(David U. Lee)说。他从事电影制作和发行工作，在洛杉矶和北京两地经营，自2005年起一直前来上海参加电影节。

A diverse slate of 14 films has been selected to compete for the Golden Goblet Award, thefestival’s highest prize, out of a record 2,096 films from 108 countries submitted for variouscompetitions. In past years, the festival has had difficulty attracting top-quality films. Becauseit is in the highest category of 15 festivals accredited by the International Federation of FilmProducers Association, it cannot have films in its main competition that have been in the maincompetition of another top-category festival, including the big three events at Venice, Cannesand Berlin.

有14部风格各异的影片入围今年的参赛片名单，将角逐电影节的最高殊荣金爵奖。此次有来自108个国家的2096部电影提交给主办方，希望参加不同奖项的角逐，创下了纪录。过去，上海电影节一直面临无法吸引到高质量影片的问题。这是因为上海电影节是国际电影制片人协会(International Federation of Film ProducersAssociation)认可的15个国际A类电影节之一，所以入围其主竞赛单元的影片不能在过去入围其他顶级电影节的主竞赛单元，其中包括威尼斯、戛纳和柏林三大电影节。

Industry veterans say the competition appears to be improving. Included among the finaliststhis year are Hollywood titles like Antoine Fuqua’s 2015 film “Southpaw starring Jake Gyllenhaalas the fictional boxer Billy Hope, and David Barnz’s 2014 indie drama “Cake, starring JenniferAniston as a grieving woman suffering from chronic pain.

电影行业的资深人士表示，上海电影节的竞赛质量看来在提高。今年的最终入围作品包括了来自好莱坞的多部影片，比如安东尼·福奎阿(Antoine Fuqua)在今年推出的《铁拳》(Southpaw)和丹尼尔·巴尔兹(DanielBarnz)于2014年出品的独立制作《蛋糕》。前者由杰克·吉伦哈尔饰演(Jake Gyllenhaal)虚构拳击手比利·霍普(Billy Hope)，后者则由詹妮弗·安妮斯顿(Jennifer Aniston)主演一名受慢性疼痛折磨的悲伤女子。

Prominent directors featured in the competition include Mr. Mikhalkov with his 2014 film“Sunstroke set in Crimea during the Red Terror; the French director Pierre Jolivet with the2015 French-Belgian thriller “The Night Watchman; and Kiyoshi Kurosawa, who won the prizefor best director at Cannes this year in the Un Certain Regard section (outside the maincompetition) with his 2015 romantic drama “Journey to the Shore, which is now in the maincompetition at the Shanghai festival.

参与角逐的著名导演包括米哈尔科夫、法国导演皮埃尔·祖利维(Pierre Jolivet)和黑泽清(KiyoshiKurosawa)。米哈尔科夫2014年执导的《中暑》(Sunstroke)讲述了红色恐怖时期发生在克里米亚的故事。祖利维带来的是今年推出的法国和比利时合拍的惊悚片《守夜》(The Night Watchman)。凭借着今年的爱情电影《岸边之旅》(Journey to the Shore)，黑泽清赢得了今年戛纳电影节“一种注目单元(Un CertainRegard)(主竞赛单元之外)的最佳导演奖。该片入围了本届上海电影节的主竞赛单元。

Other international titles include “Carte Blanche directed by Jacek Lusinski of Poland; “TheDuchess of Warsaw by Joseph Morder of France; “Jameh Daran by Hamid Ghotbe of Iran; andthe Finnish-Lithuanian film “The Midwife by Antti Jokinen.

入围的国际电影还包括波兰导演亚采克·卢森斯基(Jacek Lusinski)执导的《女友的秘密》(Carte Blanche);法国导演约瑟夫·莫德(Joseph Morder)的作品《华沙女公爵》(The Duchess of Warsaw);伊朗导演哈米德·吉奥特(Hamid Ghotbe)的作品《意外的真相》(Jameh Daran);以及由安提·乔金恩(Antti Jokinen)执导的芬兰和立陶宛的合拍片《助产士》(The Midwife)。

There are also five Asian films in the main competition. From Korea, the contenders are “Salutd’Amour, about a middle-age man who receives an unexpected romantic proposal, by KangJe-kyu, and “The Shameness, a love story between a policeman and a criminal suspect, bySeung-ook Oh. From China, the competition includes “The Dead End by Cao Baoping aboutthree brothers who raise a young girl together and “Love in the 1980s by Huo Jianqi about avillage romance. Rounding out the 14 is the Taiwanese-China film “Where the Wind Settles,directed by the Taiwanese director Wang Tung, about three young Chinese soldiers whoescape to Taiwan at the end of the Chinese Civil War.

还有五部亚洲影片进入了主竞赛单元。两部来自韩国，其中姜帝圭(Kang Je-kyu)执导的《长寿商会》(Salutd’Amour)讲述的是一名中年男子受到意想不到的感情追求的故事，吴胜旭(Seung-ook Oh)导演的《无赖汉》(Shameness)则描绘了警察与犯罪嫌疑人之间的爱情。入围的中国大陆电影包括曹保平的《烈日灼心》和霍建起的《1980年代的爱情》。前者讲述了三个兄弟共同抚养一个女孩的故事，后者则以乡村爱情为主题。还有一部是台湾导演王童的作品《对风说爱你》，其中讲述了在中国内战末期逃至台湾的三名年轻士兵的经历。

Andrey Zvyagintsev, the Russian director who with Oleg Negin won the award for bestscreenplay in Cannes last year for the 2014 film “Leviathan, will head the jury for the GoldenGoblet Award. Other members include the Chinese director Cai Shangjun, the Chinese actressHao Lei, the Hong Kong filmmaker Shi Nansun, the Korean screenwriter Kim Hee-jae, the Frenchdirector Philippe Muyl and Ron Yerxa, the American producer of films like “Little Miss Sunshine.

去年与奥列格·涅金(Oleg Negin)一起凭借《利维坦》(Leviathan)获得戛纳电影节最佳编剧奖的俄罗斯导演安德烈·萨金塞夫(Andrey Zvyagintsev)将担任金爵奖评委会主席。评委会成员还包括中国导演蔡尚君、中国演员郝蕾、香港制片人施南生、韩国编剧金希才(Kim Hee-jae)、法国导演费利普·弥勒(Philippe Muyl)，以及出品了《阳光小美女》(Little Miss Sunshine)等片的美国制片人罗恩·耶克萨(Ron Yerxa)。

Outside of the main competition, cinephiles will have the rare opportunity to see films thatweren’t given a domestic release or aren’t typically shown on the big screen in China. Thefestival will feature a Jean-Luc Godard retrospective as well as a first-ever screening in China ofthe six-film “Star Wars saga. Some Hollywood films that weren’t included in this year’s importquota of 34 foreign films also will receive screenings, like “Boyhood, “The Theory ofEverything and “Clouds of Sils Maria.

除了主竞赛单元，影迷们将获得难得的机会，一睹没有在国内公映或通常不会登上中国大屏幕的一些影片。本届电影节将举办让-吕克·戈达尔(Jean-Luc Godard)的回顾展，并在中国首次展映《星球大战》(Star Wars)系列的全部六部影片。中国今年引进外国影片的定额为34部，而一些没能引进的好莱坞片也将在本次电影节上获得放映，比如《少年时代》(Boyhood)、《万物理论》(The Theory of Everything)和《锡尔斯玛利亚》(Clouds of Sils Maria)。

Also this year, China and other countries are marking the 70th anniversary of the end of WorldWar II, or as the festival calls it, the “victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance AgainstJapanese Aggression and the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War.

中国等国家今年还会纪念二战结束70周年，或者用电影节的官方说辞，是纪念“中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年。

The festival will screen 11 films to commemorate the anniversary, including the 1957 classicabout the construction of the Burma Railway, “The Bridge on the River Kwai, and the 1979Academy Award-winning German Film “The Tin Drum.

在这一主题下，电影节将放映11部影片，其中包括1957年上映的讲述修建泰缅铁路故事的经典电影《桂河大桥》(The Bridge on the River Kwai)，以及1979年的奥斯卡获奖影片——德国电影《铁皮鼓》(The TinDrum)。

China’s largest Internet companies, like Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent, have been making majorinroads into the entertainment industry, and the festival’s forum series this year will discussthe impact of this trend.

百度、阿里巴巴和腾讯等中国网络业巨头均在大举进军娱乐业，而今年电影节的系列论坛将会讨论这一趋势的影响。

Several of the talks will also explore how Internet literature is becoming a source ofinspiration for films, as well as the proliferation of Internet films, or films created specifically forthe online market.

其中一些讨论还将探讨网络文学如何成为电影灵感源泉的话题，以及网络电影或为网络市场特别创作的影片大幅增加的现象。

“As the online and movie realms become increasingly integrated, we want to create an Internet-oriented film festival, Mr. Hu Jinjun said.

胡劲军表示，“在互联网和电影深度融合的大背景下，我们就要打造具有互联网思维的电影节。

The festival has already begun moving in that direction. In March, it announced a three-yearstrategic partnership with the e-commerce behemoth Alibaba. The festival will integrateservices like Yulebao, Alibaba’s crowdfunding-like service, and Taobao Dianying, which will serveas its official ticketing platform. Other corporate partners include the Internet giants Tencentand Youku.

上海国际电影节已经开始朝这个方向发展。今年3月，主办方宣布与电商巨头阿里巴巴签订三年协议，达成战略伙伴关系。电影节将融合娱乐宝——阿里巴巴的众筹服务——和淘宝电影等服务，而且后者将成为电影节的官方售票平台。其他合作公司还包括网络巨头腾讯和优酷。

One issue that continues to inspire debate at the festival and beyond is the foreign importfilm quota, one of the strongest policies that China has in place to shield the film industry. Thequota, which allows 34 films to be imported on a revenue-sharing basis, is expected to beraised in 2017 or 2018, possibly to 44 films, according to The Hollywood Reporter.

在电影节内外持续引发热议的一个话题是进口影片的配额。这是中国采取的保护电影产业的最强有力的政策之一。在票房收入分成的前提下，中国目前允许引进34部外国影片。《好莱坞报道》(The HollywoodReporter)透露，中国可能会在2017年或2018年将这一配额增至44部。

While Hollywood has long pushed for the complete opening of the Chinese film market, China’sprotectionist mentality is understandable, said Mr. Lee, the American-based producer, whohas consulted on many United States-China co-production arrangements.

在美国工作的制片人李威达表示，虽然好莱坞一直以来在敦促中国完全开放电影市场，但中国的这种保护主义心态是可以理解的。他担任过很多中美合拍片的顾问。

“You want an industry to have the chance to find its own voice before you open thefloodgates, he said.

“你会想让这个产业在打开闸门前，有机会找到自己的声音，李威达。