转折

波尔塔瓦的瑞典兵溃散了。

The Swedes of Poltava broke up.

进攻中途岛的日本航母沉没了。

The Japanese carrier that attacked Midway Island sank.

《解放黑人奴隶宣言》发表了。

The emancipation proclamation was issued.

十一届三中全会召开了。

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held.

于是，我们说，历史出现了转折。转折是一个突破的变化，它可以使政治形势逆转，把大好形势断送，又将艰难困苦变为无限光明。从这个意义上说，转折有对我们不利的，也有对我们有利的。为了趋利避害，我们来探究一下转折的产生吧。

As a result, we say that there has been a turning point in history. Turning is a breakthrough change. It can reverse the political situation, cut off the good situation, and turn difficulties into infinite light. In this sense, turning is not only good for us, but also good for us. In order to seek benefits and avoid harm, let's explore the emergence of turning point.

转折的出现是偶然的，战场上，骑兵主将马蹄铁上的一个螺钉的脱落或许会让这位主将丧命，进而让他的部队溃散；商场上，一位公司经理在酒店吃饭时或许会无意中听到竞争对手的机密，从而让他找到挤垮对手的绝招；官场上，有人酒后失言或许会得罪上司，于是从青云直上到落泊江湖……生活中有很多细微的变化会带来巨大的转折，小到影响一个人的命运，大到决定一个国家的兴衰存亡。既然如此偶然，我们怎么趋利避害？很简单，“事无巨细，处处留心”可矣！心细的人自然会滴水不漏，不犯偶然的小错，也不放过任何一个希望渺茫的机会。小事情往往就促成了大转折！

The turning point happened by chance. In the battlefield, a bolt on the horseshoe of the cavalry leader may be lost, which may lead to his army's disintegration. In the market, a company manager may overhear the secrets of his competitors when eating in a hotel, so that he can find the best way to crush them. In the official arena, someone may offend his superiors if he breaks his tongue after drinking It's from Qingyun to wandering in the Jianghu There are many subtle changes in life that will bring about great changes, ranging from the impact on one's destiny to the decision on the rise and fall of a country. Since it's such an accident, how can we seek benefits and avoid disadvantages? It's very simple. It's OK to pay attention to everything! A careful person will not leak water, make occasional mistakes, or miss any chance with little hope. Small things often make big changes!

转折出现确实有偶然性，但其中也包含着某些必然性。就像前面的经理，如果他不是处处留心，随时都在想他的事业，而是来到酒店只知尽情享乐，喝得酩酊大醉，那就不会有转折。一向粗心的人，不是每次错误都会幸运的逃脱惩罚；言行无瑕的人，不可能因为犯错而遭受不幸的转折。波尔塔瓦战役中，瑞典人最初的溃散可能只是因为一个士兵一时心怯，但是查理十二带领他的队伍转战波兰时就已给失败埋下了祸根――疲惫和给养不足；相反，俄国人汲取了前几次战败的教训，改进军队装备和编制。所以，一次偶然失利带来的转折终于让瑞典国势日衰，失去了波罗的海的霸主地位。另外，我们也该看到，中途岛美国的胜利根源于美国强大的经济技术实力，即使没有这次转折，也会有别的转折让日本失败。美国内战的转折点――那个宣言，是民族平等的历史潮流决定的；改革开放的方针也是总结无数历史经验得到的。

It is true that there is contingency in the turning, but it also contains some inevitability. Just like the manager in front of him, if he doesn't pay attention to his career all the time, but comes to the hotel only to enjoy himself and get drunk, there will be no turning point. People who are always careless are not lucky to escape punishment every time they make a mistake; people who are flawless in their words and deeds are unlikely to suffer an unfortunate turn because of their mistakes. In the battle of Poltava, the initial breakup of the Swedes may have been due to the fear of a soldier for a while, but when Charles XII led his troops to Poland, he had already laid the root of the failure fatigue and inadequate supplies; on the contrary, the Russians learned the lessons of previous defeats and improved the equipment and organization of the army. Therefore, the turning point brought about by an accidental defeat finally led to the decline of Sweden and the loss of the supremacy of the Baltic Sea. In addition, we should also see that the victory of Midway America is rooted in the strong economic and technological strength of the United States. Even if there is no such turning point, there will be other turning points for Japan to fail. That declaration, the turning point of the American Civil War, was determined by the historical trend of national equality; the policy of reform and opening up was also summed up from numerous historical experiences.

了解了转折的必然性，我们就该认识到：平日多修美德，即使处境不顺，也会有个转折在不定什么时候帮助我们；如若不能防微杜渐，严于律己，即使处于顺境地，也会有一次大转折，将我们推入深渊。

When we understand the inevitability of turning, we should realize that if we practice virtue more in ordinary times, even if the situation is not favorable, there will be a turning point to help us when it is uncertain; if we can't guard against the situation, be strict with ourselves, even if we are in a favorable situation, there will be a big turning point, which will push us into the abyss.

谨言慎行，又要积善成德，我们就一定可以变逆为顺；积极汲取历史教训，努力发展经济和科技，一个国家一定可以在历史中促成自己命运的转折，促成国势的长盛不衰。

We must be careful in our words and deeds, and build up good deeds, so that we can turn adversity into conformity; we must actively learn from history and strive to develop economy and science and technology, so that a country can make a turning point of its own destiny in history, and contribute to the prosperity of the country.