35名人大代表联署议案：加快制定外国国家豁免法

全国人大代表、北京市社会科学院法学所研究员马一德在接受记者采访时表示，建议尽快制定符合我国国情的外国国家豁免法 2020年5月25日，十三届全国人大三次会议举行第二次全体会议。 【知识点】

国家主权豁免 一般认为，国家及其财产豁免权 1、司法管辖豁免 2、诉讼程序豁免 3、强制执行豁免 在管辖豁免适用范围方面，主要有绝对豁免和限制豁免两种。

绝对豁免 限制豁免

马一德解释说，

The lack of such a law has emerged as a prominent issue in the current epidemic as some countries, led by the United States, tried to shift the blame for their own governments' incompetence on COVID-19 response.

这一问题在此次疫情中尤为凸显，以美国为首的部分国家试图转嫁本国政府防疫、控疫不力的责任。

Some groups and individuals in some countries even cited the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of the United States to bring litigations to the Chinese government and relevant departments.

甚至一些国家的团体或个人依据美国的外国主权豁免法对我国政府和相关部门提起诉讼。

"This has trampled on the internationally recognized principle of sovereign immunity, and is also a show of hegemony and power politics," Ma said, stressing the necessity and urgency for China to formulate a foreign states immunities law.

这既是对国家及其财产豁免这一国际法原则的践踏，也是国际霸权与强权主义的体现，但同时凸显出我国制定外国国家豁免法的必要性、紧迫性。

China follows the principle of absolute immunity of foreign states and their property, thus Chinese litigants are unable to sue foreign governments from domestic courts, while Chinese governments have often been sued in foreign courts, he added.

遵循外国国家及其财产绝对豁免的一般原则，我国当事人难以在国内法院对他国提起诉讼主张权益，我国政府却作为被告在外国法院被频频起诉。

马一德表示，在新形势下，建议重新对国家豁免问题进行审视，由绝对豁免原则转向国际主流的限制豁免原则，尽快制定符合我国国情的国家豁免法。

From a long-term perspective, adopting a limited immunities principle will show a responsible manner of the Chinese government to foreign investors, ensure stable expectations for the protection of their investments, and facilitate China's new round of opening-up and the development of the Belt and Road Initiative, he said.

长远来看，采取限制豁免原则将向外国投资者展示中国政府负责任的态度，为保护其投资提供稳定预期，助力我国新一轮对外开放、‘一带一路’倡议深化发展。

据了解，在当前错综复杂国际形势和疫情防控常态化背景下，这一建议一经提出就获得了代表们的理解、认同和支持，北京代表团代表中超过35人联名签署并提交该议案。该议案目前已被大会议案组接收并分送有关专门委员会研究。

【相关词汇】

政治互信

political mutual trust

人文交流

people-to-people exchanges

战略沟通

strategic communication

和平共处五项原则

the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

相互尊重主权和领土完整

respect one another's sovereignty and territorial integrity

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