2017年达沃斯论坛七大关键议题[1]

World leaders, top business people and campaigners will be debating issues from climate change to political instability at the World Economic Forum this week.

在本周举行的世界经济论坛上，世界各国领导人、商界精英和活动家们将就从气候变化到政治动荡等一系列议题展开讨论。

Climate change

气候变化

Last year was the warmest on record, and climate change will be high on the agenda during the first full day of events in Davos.

去年是历史上最温暖的一年，而气候变化将会是今年达沃斯论坛的重要议题之一。

Al Gore, the former vice-president of the US, who has described climate change as “the biggest challenge our civilisation faces”, is taking centre stage alongside Pharrell Williams, the pop star who sang “Happy” but who is appearing as creative director of Bionic Yarn, a company that turns fibres from recycled plastic into durable textiles.

美国前副总统戈尔曾经表示，气候变化是“我们人类文明面临的最大挑战”。在今年的达沃斯年会上，他将和流行歌手法瑞尔·威廉姆斯一起主导有关气候变化问题的讨论。法瑞尔·威廉姆斯是流行金曲《快乐》的演唱者，也是仿生纱公司的创意总监。这家公司从回收的塑料中提取纤维，并将其制成耐用的纺织品。

Gore is participating in other events looking at how business should respond to climate change, alongside Lord Stern, president of the British Academy, and speakers from the insurance company Axa.

戈尔也将和英国学术院院长斯特恩勋爵，以及安盛保险公司的代表人共同参与其他活动，探讨企业应当如何应对气候变化。

Other events covering this topic include “Building for the Storm”, asking how governments should respond to climate change. Another session will look at how a comprehensive global climate deal can be achieved.

与该议题相关的讨论活动还包括“未雨绸缪”——旨在探讨政府在应对气候变化问题中的责任。还有一场活动是探讨如何加强国际合作，制定一个全面的全球性气候协议。

Political instability

政治动荡

Conflict is the number-one issue for the political and business elite this year. The rise of Islamic State has awoken fears over failures of national governance and the collapse of nation states.

对于全球政治和商业精英来说，冲突动乱是他们关心的头等大事。伊斯兰国的崛起令他们甚为担忧国家治理不善和民族国家垮台。

Several Middle Eastern leaders are in attendance, including Egypt’s president Abdel Fatah al-Sisi;King Abdullah of Jordan; Haidar al-Abadi, prime minister of Iraq; and Massoud Barzani, president of the autonomous Kurdistan region.

多位中东国家领导人也将出席此次年会，包括埃及总统塞西、约旦国王阿布杜拉、伊拉克总理阿巴迪和库尔德斯坦自治区总统巴尔扎尼。

The Ukraine crisis is a reminder that “long-forgotten” disputes can flare back into life, the World Economic Foundation says, with widespread consequences for a whole region. Petro Poroshenko, president of Ukraine, will be looking for support as his country risks defaulting on its debts.

世界经济论坛基金会表示，乌克兰的危机为我们敲响了一次警钟，它告诉我们一些“久违”的争端可能会再次爆发，给整个区域造成广泛而深远的影响。乌克兰总统彼得·波罗申科将会寻求国际援助，以解决乌克兰当前面临的主权债务危机。

Poroshenko should get support from George Soros, the billionaire investor and philanthropist, who is pushing European governments to offer Kiev more help. He will be lobbying the likes of Germany’s Angela Merkel, France’s François Hollande and Italy’s Matteo Renzi.

波罗申科应当寻求乔治·索罗斯的帮助。乔治·索罗斯是拥有上亿身家的投资者和慈善家，如今他正致力于推动欧洲国家政府向乌克兰提供更多的帮助。他将游说许多政要首领身边的红人，而这些领导人包括德国总理安格拉·默克尔、法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德以及意大利总理马泰奥·伦齐。

The terror attacks in France this month will also be debated, just days after many heads of government marched in Paris. On Wednesday, the former UK prime minister Tony Blair will take part in a session examining whether religion is a pretext for conflict.

本月发生在法国的恐怖袭击事件也将受到与会者关注。仅在十几天前，多国政府领导人参加了巴黎街头的反恐示威游行。英国前首相托尼·布莱尔将会在星期三参与论坛的活动，探讨宗教能否成为武装冲突的借口。

Pandemics

全球性流行疾病

Global authorities were slow, at least initially, to respond to the Ebola outbreak and provide resources to the countries affected, according to the organisers at Davos. So what lessons can we learn?

据年会组织者透露，各国政府面对突然爆发的埃博拉疫情大都反应迟缓 Panellists discussing the subject includeKofi Annan, former secretary general of the UN, as well as Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organisation. Alpha Condé, the president of Guinea, who has faced accusations of being initially slow to respond to Ebola, is also speaking.

参与讨论此议题的成员包括前联合国秘书长科菲·安南和世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍。几内亚总统阿尔法·孔戴因未能在疫情爆发初始时期采取有效的应对措施而遭到了各方的谴责，而他也将参与此次讨论。

The New York Times quoted him recently saying: “While shaving I think of Ebola, while eating I think of Ebola, while sleeping I think of Ebola.”

据《纽约时报》报道，他近日公开表示：“我刮胡子时在想埃博拉，吃饭时在想埃博拉，睡觉时还是在想埃博拉。”

Technology

科技

Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the world wide web, is among those speaking on the topic of “In Tech We Trust”. Eric Schmidt, the boss of Google, is one of this year’s co-chairs while Sheryl Sandberg of Facebook and Satya Nadella of Microsoft will also be involved in a debate on the future of the digital economy.

万维网发明者蒂姆·伯纳斯-李爵士将会参与名为“我们相信科技”的讨论活动。谷歌董事长兼首席执行官埃里克·施密特是本次年会的共同主席之一，而脸谱网首席运营官雪莉·桑德伯格和微软首席执行官萨帝亚·纳德拉将会参与讨论数码经济的未来。

Cyber-security should be high on the agenda too, following David Cameron’s controversial suggestion that governments should be given access to encrypted data.

网络安全也是其中的一个重要议题。英国首相卡梅伦近日表示，政府应当有权查看和使用网络加密数据。他的言论引起了极大的争议。

Jack Ma, founder of China’s search engine Alibaba, is also a key speaker.

中国电商巨头阿里巴巴的创始者马云也是其中一个重要的发言者。

Quantitative easing

量化宽松

Central banks will be a major topic of conversation in the meeting rooms, coffee shops and bars of Davos this week, as monetary policy in Europe and the US continues to diverge and inflation falls across the global economy.

欧洲和美国继续采用相悖的货币政策，而全球通货膨胀率持续下降。在这种背景下，央行政策将会成为本周达沃斯论坛的一个重要话题，无论是在会议上被正式提起，还是在咖啡馆和酒吧的闲聊间被谈及。

The shock abolition of Switzerland’s currency gap last week has left many financial firms nursing losses, and reminded us all that 2017 could be a turbulent year in the markets. Thomas Jordan, the Swiss central bank chief who sparked the turmoil, can expect a lively reception. At least seven other central bank chiefs are also attending, including the Bank of England governor, Mark Carney.

近日，瑞士央行出乎意料地宣布取消瑞士法郎挂钩欧元的汇率下限，使得许多金融公司蒙受了巨大的损失。这告诉我们，2017年将会是市场动荡的一年。瑞士央行行长托马斯·乔丹的出现很可能会引起现场巨大的反响，因为正是他的决定引发了这一场混乱。至少有七位其他央行行长将会出席此次年会，其中包括英格兰银行主席马克·卡尼。

The European Central Bank (ECB) president Mario Draghiisn’t attending this year. He will be stuck in Frankfurt handling the ECB’s meeting on Thursday, where a big quantitative easing (QE) programme could be announced.

欧洲中央银行行长马里奥·德拉吉将不会出席本次年会。他将于周四主持欧洲央行的货币政策会议，并可能在会后召开的资讯发布会上公布量化宽松政策的路线图。

Earlier that day a debate will take place on the prospect of higher interest rates in the US. Delegates from emerging markets will be pushing American officials to handle the ending of the QE programme responsibly, after seeing “hot money” pour into their economies. They don’t want a repeat of the currency crisis that struck Argentina during last year’s meeting.

当天，在会议开始之前，欧洲央行会举行一次辩论会，主题是美国利率能否有望上升。来自新兴市场国家的代表们将会向美国政府施压，迫使它承担责任，在“热钱”进入美国市场后谨慎停止量化宽松政策。去年会议召开期间，阿根廷受到了一场货币危机的重创。而新兴国家的代表们希望这一事件不再重演。

Inequality

不平等

Income inequality has featured highly on Davos’s agenda for several years, but progress remains disappointingly slow.

多年以来，收入分配不均都是达沃斯论坛的重要议题，然而令人失望的是，世界国家在消除社会不平等方面仍未取得大的进展。

The World Economic Foundation sees rising socioeconomic inequality as driving “social fragility”. It reminded delegates that the average income of the richest 10% of nations in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is now nine times larger than that of the poorest 10%. The global unemployment rate is expected to remain at current levels until 2018, showing the failure to tackle the challenges thrown up by the financial crisis.

世界经济论坛基金会表示，近年来社会经济不平等加剧，也增加了“社会的脆弱性”。在经济合作与发展组织内部，人均收入排在前10%的国家是排在后10%的国家人均收入的九倍多。2018年之前，全球失业率预计将维持在目前的水平上，这表明世界劳动力市场难以应对金融危机带来的挑战。

Bill and Marissa Gates, and the Oxfam International executive directorWinnie Byanyima will be putting the case for more support for developing nations; Byanyima has extra clout as a co-chair of this year’s meeting.

比尔·盖茨和玛丽莎·盖茨，以及国际乐施会总干事温妮·拜恩义玛将会积极为发展中国家寻求更多的国际支持；拜恩义玛作为今年年会的共同主席之一，将会有着更大的影响力。

The OECD chief Angel Gurríaand Guy Ryder of the International Labour Organisation will be lobbying for workers to get a better deal.

经合组织秘书长安赫尔·古里亚和国际劳工组织总干事盖伊·赖德将会努力为工人们争取更多的权益。

Oil

石油

The tumble in the oil price to five-year lows means different things for Davos attendees. It’s a bitter blow to exporters, raising political risk in the Middle East and hitting growth in emerging markets.

今年一月，油价暴跌至五年来的最低点。与会者们对此反应不一。对于出口商来说，这可是一个沉重的打击。油价下跌加深了中东地区的政治危机，也使得新兴市场国家的经济增长放缓。

Once he arrives in Switzerland, Abdalla Salem El-Badri, Opec’s secretary general, will face criticism from producers over the cartel’s refusal to cut supplies.

欧佩克秘书长巴德里到达瑞士后，将会面临石油生产商的指责批评，因为他领导的欧佩克拒绝减少供应。

Western leaders are more sanguine, welcoming the boost to consumers’ spending power. Environmental groups, though, will be urging oil producers not to drag their feet over green technologies.

西方国家领导人要相对乐观一些，他们相信这将是挖掘市场消费能力的一个契机。不过，环保组织们将会催促石油生厂商们加紧发展绿色科技。

Vocabulary

default: philanthropist: 慈善家

pretext: 借口

encrypted data: 加密数据

quantitative easing: 量化宽松

turmoil: 动乱

clout: 影响力

sanguine: 乐观的，满怀希望的

(译者：崔恬元 编辑：齐磊)