名著“必读”还是“选读”

中学生要不要阅读名着，回答当然是肯定的，但非要冠上“必读”两字，就变成强制命令。偏偏有些中学生天性叛逆，你说必读，我偏不读，看你能拿我怎么样？

Whether middle school students want to read well-known, the answer is certainly yes, but not to crown the word "must read", it becomes a mandatory order. Some middle school students are naturally rebellious. You say they must read, but I don't read. What can you do with me?

既然说必读，那就是非读不行，可事实绝非如此。名着不同于法律，法律必须执行，你犯法就必然受到法律制裁，读名着不可能通过法律的形式规定下来。所以说“必读”带有强制的意味，这两个字眼，绝大多数中学生看起来很不舒服，当然也不太乐意接受。同样是要求读名着，不如换一个字眼为好，就像同样要求不乱踏草坪，“不准乱踏草坪，违者罚款”，就不如“请不要打扰，我正在睡觉”来得效果更好，前者令人望而生畏，后者令人备感亲切，且发人深思。说“必读”，是针对不读而言，但对一些中学生的不读名着我们也不应该一棍子打死，要做具体分析。我曾经做过吃力不讨好的事，开阅读课，强制性要求学生必须阅读名着或名家的经典文章，有的同学就跟你捉迷藏，他“明修栈道，暗度陈仓”，上面放一本名着来遮你眼目，下面放一本明星杂志或体育杂志，还有的趁你一眼不注意，就偷偷做起其他作业，你命令他们把与名着无关的书都收起来，他们就用失神的眼光无聊地瞪着那名着上的一个题目，一堂课翻都不翻一页。像这样的阅读课，我觉得是很悲哀的事情，非但没有达到阅读名着、吸收滋养的效果，反而浪费了他们的宝贵时间。我曾经找这些同学谈心过，他们说实在对这些名着不感兴趣，实在读不下去。于是我就反思自己：我们认为是好的东西，是不是学生们就能全部接受；反过来，学生们认为好的东西，我们是不是就能真心真意地接受呢？

Since it's necessary to read, it's impossible to do without reading, but it's not the case. The name is different from the law. The law must be enforced. If you break the law, you will be punished by the law. Reading the name cannot be regulated in the form of law. So it is mandatory to say "must read". Most of the middle school students are not comfortable with these two words, and they are not willing to accept them. It is also a requirement to read the name. It is better to change the word, just like it is also a requirement not to trample on the lawn, "no trampling on the lawn, violators will be fined", which is not as effective as "please don't disturb, I am sleeping". The former is daunting, while the latter is kind and thought-provoking. To say "must read" is to say for not reading, but for some middle school students who are not famous for not reading, we should not kill them with one stick, and we should make specific analysis. I used to do the thankless things, open reading classes, and force students to read the classic articles of famous or famous scholars. Some students play hide and seek with you. He "practices the plank road and hides in the dark", put a name on it to cover your eyes, a star ambition or sports magazine on it, and do other homework secretly when you don't pay attention. You order They put away all the books that had nothing to do with the famous book, and they stared at the title of the famous book with a distracted eye, without turning a page in a class. Reading class like this, I think it's a very sad thing, not only failed to achieve the effect of reading famous and absorbing nourishment, but also wasted their precious time. I have talked with these students. They say they are not interested in these names and can't read them. So I reflect on myself: are we able to accept all the good things that we think are good? Conversely, are we able to accept all the good things that students think are good?

比如，网络文学，他们同龄人的作品，他们认为好的，不是没有被列进“必读书目”吗？应当承认，我们和学生之间存在着矛盾，有些甚至不可调和，这个矛盾不解决，阅读名着的渠道是无法畅通的。

For example, Internet literature, the works of their peers, they think it's good, isn't it not listed in the "required reading list"? It should be admitted that there are contradictions between us and students, some of which are even irreconcilable. If this contradiction is not solved, the channel of reading is not smooth.

诚然，一些成功人士，包括一些作家和老师，是伴随着名着长大的，但我们不可能把我们的成长史硬套在当代中学生身上，因为我们那个时候有什么？传媒、声讯十分落后，绝大多数家庭连电视也没有，生活节奏又十分缓慢，你信息来源的惟一渠道是书本，你不读书又去干什么呢？现在他们就不同了，他们来到了一个传媒、声讯十分发达的时代，各种信息通过报刊、电视节目、网络等传媒手段纷至沓来，外界的诱惑和冲击很大，使他们的思想与情感出现了前所未有的多元化姿态，加上应试等等的压力，挤占了他们大量的阅读名着的时间。那么几十种名着，你都非要强制性地要求他们“必读”的话，那势必会“强扭的瓜不甜”，带给他们的不是阅读的愉快，而是巨大的负担了。

It's true that some successful people, including some writers and teachers, grew up with fame, but we can't rigidly apply our growth history to contemporary middle school students, because what were we at that time? The media and audio are very backward. Most families don't even have TV. The pace of life is very slow. The only source of your information is books. What do you do without reading? Now they are different. They have come to an era when the media and audio are very developed. Various kinds of information are coming in a stream through newspapers, TV programs, networks and other media means. The temptation and impact of the outside world are great, which makes their thoughts and emotions appear unprecedented diversified posture. In addition, the pressure of taking exams and so on, occupy a large number of reading time for them. Then dozens of famous books, if you don't force them to "read it", it will inevitably "force them to change things for the better" and bring them not the pleasure of reading, but a huge burden.

我以为：一、阅读名着的必要性不可置疑，这个道理大家都明白；二、有些名着尽管经过历代读者证明了其为名着，其思想、情感、艺术具有永恒价值，但对于今天的中学生是不是就一定适应，因为今天的时代不同于以往任何时代，甚至超越了过去的几百年、上千年，社会格局、经济形态以及人的认识领域都发生了根本性的变化，因此名着和我们今天的中学生中间应该有一个媒介，如何搭设好这座桥，是摆在我们面前的最大难题；三、新课标指定的“必读书目”，有什么法定标准，具备怎样的合理性，已经受到了有关专家的质疑；四、即便这些指定的名着，也不一定非要在初中和高中阶段必须读完，有些是到大学读的，有些在学生走上社会以后，觉得需要了，在一种无功利、自觉、放松的状态下去捧读，对于一个人的人格形成更有帮助。我们既然强调终身学习，阅读名着也应是一种终身阅读状态。

I think: first, the necessity of reading famous books is beyond doubt, and everyone knows this truth; second, although some famous books have been proved to be famous by readers of all ages, and their thoughts, emotions and arts have eternal value, they must adapt to today's middle school students, because today's era is different from any previous era, even beyond the past hundreds of years and thousands of years In, fundamental changes have taken place in social structure, economic form and people's cognitive field. Therefore, there should be a medium between famous and our middle school students today. How to build this bridge is the biggest problem in front of us. Third, what legal standards and rationality are there for the "required reading items" specified in the new curriculum standard? It has been accepted by relevant experts Fourth, even these designated names do not have to be read in junior high school or senior high school. Some of them go to university. Some of them feel that they need to read in a state of no utility, self-consciousness and relaxation after the students enter the society, which is more helpful for the formation of a person's personality. Since we emphasize lifelong learning, reading should also be a state of lifelong reading.

其实我们在中学生中间做些文学名着的推荐、介绍、普及工作是非常必要的。鲁迅、胡适都曾为中学生开过书目，国外也有，但都不是非要“必读”不可，而是学生们根据自己的需要，从中挑出自己感兴趣的去选读。所以，我想，“必读”改为“选读”，是不是更适宜些。

In fact, it is very necessary for us to do some literary recommendation, introduction and popularization among middle school students. Lu Xun and Hu Shi have both published bibliographies for middle school students, which are also available in foreign countries, but they are not required to "read", but students choose the ones they are interested in to read according to their own needs. Therefore, I think it is more appropriate to change "compulsory reading" to "selective reading".