送“神五”升空的长二F型火箭

2003年10月15日上午9时整，托举着“神舟”五号载人飞船的“长征”二号F型运载火箭在轰鸣声中直冲蓝天，把一条巨龙般的橘红色烈焰留在秋日的戈壁长空。

At 9:00 a.m. on October 15, 2003, the long march-2f carrier rocket carrying the Shenzhou-5 manned spacecraft rushed into the blue sky in the roar, leaving a dragon like orange flame in the autumn Gobi sky.

乳白色的“长征”二号F型火箭起飞重量479。8吨。它是在“长征”二号E型火箭基础上研制的以发射飞船为主要任务的运载火箭，1992年开始研制，1999年首发成功。此前，这种火箭已经成功地将4艘无人飞船送入太空。

The Milky Long March II f rocket has a takeoff weight of 479. 8 tons. It is a launch vehicle developed on the basis of the Long March II E-type rocket, which takes launching spacecraft as the main task. It was developed in 1992 and launched successfully in 1999. Previously, the rocket has successfully launched four unmanned spacecraft into space.

作为中国火箭家族中最重、最长的成员，“长征”二号F型火箭采用了55项新技术，使它同时成为中国航天史上技术最复杂、可靠性安全性指标最高的火箭。

As the heaviest and longest member of China's rocket family, the long march 2F rocket has adopted 55 new technologies, making it the most complex rocket with the highest reliability and safety index in China's aerospace history.

这枚火箭首次采用了垂直总装、垂直测试和船、箭、塔组合体垂直运输的“三垂”测试发射模式，改变了过去水平总装、水平运输的模式；首次采用远距离测试发射控制技术，其中先进的光电技术、自动控制技术和弱信号的远距离传输技术均达到国际先进水平。

For the first time, the rocket adopts the "three vertical" test launch mode of vertical assembly, vertical test and vertical transportation of ship, arrow and tower assembly, which changes the previous horizontal assembly and horizontal transportation mode; for the first time, it adopts the remote test launch control technology, in which advanced photoelectric technology, automatic control technology and weak signal remote transmission technology all reach the international advanced level.

为了进一步增大飞行中的安全性，它配置有专门的故障检测处理系统和逃逸系统。火箭在待发段和上升段发生故障时，能够自检测、自诊断，发出故障信息给逃逸系统，逃逸系统随即带飞船离开箭体，从而保障航天员的安全。

In order to further increase the safety in flight, it is equipped with special fault detection and processing system and escape system. When the rocket breaks down in the waiting and rising stages, it can self detect and self diagnose, send out the fault information to the escape system, and then the escape system will take the spacecraft away from the rocket body, so as to ensure the safety of astronauts.

“长征”二号F型火箭还首次研制了全冗余的控制系统，实现双套制导与稳定控制技术，其中双CPU计算机、三余度伺服机构和双回路稳定平台技术均达到国际先进水平。从发射“神舟”三号开始全面覆盖系统的冗余控制大大提高了运载火箭的可靠性，为实现载人奠定了基础。

The long march 2F rocket has also developed a fully redundant control system for the first time to realize dual guidance and stability control technology, among which dual CPU computer, three redundancy servo mechanism and dual loop stability platform technology have reached the international advanced level. The redundancy control of the full coverage system since the launch of Shenzhou-3 has greatly improved the reliability of the launch vehicle and laid the foundation for the realization of manned launch.

为保证火箭高可靠性和高安全性，火箭电器系统就有近4万个元器件。所有元器件都经过了筛选和40多个回合的增长试验，不仅要在模拟飞行环境下达到设计指标，而且在此基础上要有裕度。比如，从火箭发射到飞船入轨只有短短的600秒，但火箭的可靠性增长试验却达到了546小时。这样，就使“长征”二号F型火箭的可靠性指标达到0。97，这就是说发射100发火箭只能有3次出现问题。同时，火箭的安全性指标达到0。997，意味着1000次故障所采取的救助措施只有3次是不成功的。

In order to ensure the high reliability and safety of the rocket, the rocket electrical system has nearly 40 thousand components. All components have been screened and more than 40 rounds of growth tests have been carried out. It is not only necessary to achieve the design target in the simulated flight environment, but also to have margin on this basis. For example, it's only 600 seconds from the launch of the rocket to the launch of the spacecraft, but the reliability growth test of the rocket has reached 546 hours. In this way, the reliability index of the long march 2F rocket reaches 0. 97, which means that there are only three problems in launching 100 rockets. At the same time, the safety index of the rocket reaches 0. 997, which means that only three rescue measures taken for 1000 failures are unsuccessful.

总之，长二F型火箭是我国设计制造的世界最先进的运载火箭之一。

In short, the long 2F rocket is one of the most advanced launch vehicles in the world designed and manufactured in China.