沭阳地方农谚《九九歌》评析

寒假里我们到民间采风，在几位老人的帮助下收集到了我们沭阳的两首农谚——《九九歌》。仔细读来，深感韵味无穷，我们不禁为我们先祖们的智慧所惊叹。沭阳虽不是什么人杰地灵的地方，但也有着深厚的文化底蕴。千百年来，祖先们在这块大地上辛勤劳作，创造了灿烂的民族地方文化。我们收集到的这两首《九九歌》，不但对计算气候时令十分方便，而且它通俗形象，内容丰富，涉及很多方面，具有一定的科学性与准确性，充分地显示出古代劳动人民的聪明才智，也透视出沭阳地方文化深刻的内涵。

During the winter vacation, we went to the folk to collect wind, and with the help of several old people, we collected two agricultural proverbs of Shuyang - "Nine Nine Songs". Reading carefully, we are deeply impressed by the wisdom of our ancestors. Shuyang is not a place of outstanding people, but it also has a profound cultural heritage. For thousands of years, our ancestors worked hard on this land and created a splendid local culture. The two songs we collected are not only very convenient for calculating climate seasons, but also popular, rich in content, involving many aspects, scientific and accurate to a certain extent, fully showing the wisdom and wisdom of the ancient working people, as well as the profound connotation of Shuyang local culture.

《九九歌》之一

Nine nine songs one

一九和二九，满天寒气冷飕飕；三九尖嘴九，滴水变成冻琉琉；最冷是四九，冰上行人结队走；五九回阳九，沿着河岸插杨柳；六九解冻九，渐渐舒开两只手；屈指数七九，脱下棉衣把路走；时节交八九，家家户户犁耙修；张口说九九，牛鞭遍野响不休；九九尽了九，冬去春来花草稠。

In 1919 and 1929, the air was chilly; in September, the drips turned into frozen Ryukyu; in September, the coldest one, pedestrians on the ice formed a team; in May 9th, they went back to YANGJIU and inserted willows along the river bank; in June 9th, they thawed nine and gradually opened their hands; in September, they took off their cotton padded clothes and walked on the road; in August 9th, they plowed and raked every household; in September 9th, the bullwhip rang all over the country; in September, they were done 9、 The flowers are thick from winter to spring.

《九九歌》之二

Nine nine songs II

扳指数九冷风来，毛衣外套滑雪衫；二九天气变了脸，大衣毛帽不支（顶）寒；三九四九冰封河，火炉旁边读报刊；五九禽畜圈里看，牛生新犊鸡下蛋；五六七九春色新，韭黄青菜绿茵茵；八九吹面风不寒，收拾农具忙生产；数九尽了草木青，红红绿绿新春衫。

In the ninth cold wind, the sweater was covered with a ski shirt; in the ninth day, the weather changed, and the coat and cap were not cold (top); in the third nine, the fourth nine, the river was frozen, and the newspapers and magazines were read beside the stove; in the May ninth livestock pen, the cows and chickens laid eggs; in the sixth and seventh nine, the spring was fresh, and the leeks and vegetables were green; in the eighth and ninth days, the wind was not cold, and the farm tools were cleaned up and the production was busy; in the ninth, the grass and trees were green, and the red, green and green new spring sweaters were exhausted.

通过阅读分析，我们不难发现这两首民谚有如下特点：

Through reading and analysis, we can easily find that these two proverbs have the following characteristics:

一、丰富的文化内涵

1、 Rich cultural connotation

这两首农谚每首只有短短九句或七句，但却包含着丰富的文化内涵。

Each of these two agricultural proverbs has only nine or seven sentences, but it contains rich cultural connotation.

《九九歌》的命名，反映了沭阳人民的文化价值取向。我们中华民族向来以“九”为大，认为“九”是最吉利的数字，如“九九重阳”、“九九归一”、“九五之尊”、“一言九鼎”等等。名为《九九歌》，第一首歌正好九句，暗合“九”意。由于五六七九天气的变化不太大，所以第二首便合三为一：五六七九春色新，韭黄青菜绿茵茵。读起来更加简洁易懂。

The naming of Jiu Jiu Ge reflects the cultural value orientation of Shuyang people. Our Chinese nation has always regarded "Nine" as the largest number, and believes that "Nine" is the most auspicious number, such as "nine nine double suns", "nine nine returns to one", "nine five honors", "one word nine tripods" and so on. It's called "Nine Nine Songs". The first song has exactly nine sentences, which implies "Nine". Because the weather change in May 679 is not very big, the second one is a combination of three: the spring of May 679 is new, and the leek and green vegetables are green. It's easier to read.

另外，从一些语句中可以透视出我国古代劳动人民的审美观。我们知道，“红色”是喜庆的象征，“绿色”充满了生命的活力。红绿相配不仅符合大自然的配色规律，而且具有一定的艺术魅力。充满智慧的沭阳人民也许早已发现了这一规律，沭阳的俗语中便有“红配绿，看不足（看不厌）”的说法。所以第二首谚语便有“红红绿绿新春衫”之说。

In addition, from some sentences, we can see the aesthetic view of the ancient working people in China. We know that "red" is a symbol of celebration and "green" is full of vitality of life. Red and green matching not only conforms to the color matching law of nature, but also has certain artistic charm. The people of Shuyang, who are full of wisdom, may have found this rule for a long time. There is a saying in the common saying of Shuyang that "red goes with green, and you can't see enough.". Therefore, the second proverb has the saying of "red, green and new year's shirt".

二、形象生动的语言

2、 Vivid language

两首农谚中使用了许多方言俗语，当地人读起来倍感亲切自然，充分表现了地方语言特有的淳朴和深刻，即便是外地人也能从中品味到其语言的形象性、生动性。如“尖嘴九、交、冻琉琉”等词。“尖嘴”在沭阳方言中意为“厉害、刻薄”，如，“这个人尖嘴毛唇的”，在这里充分表现出天气的干冷无情；“交”在沭阳方言中为“到”意，如“他交新年十八岁了”。“冻琉琉”指冬天雨雪天在屋檐下结挂成的冰柱，在本地还常用来指透明的物体，如称玻璃球为“琉琉球”。

Many dialects and common sayings are used in the two agricultural proverbs. The local people feel more friendly and natural when reading them, which fully shows the unique simplicity and profundity of the local language. Even the outsiders can taste the image and vividness of their language. Such as "sharp mouth nine, Jiao, frozen Ryu" and other words. "Jianzui" in Shuyang dialect means "severe and mean", for example, "this person has a sharp mouth and a hairy lips", which fully shows the cold and dry weather here; "Jiao" in Shuyang dialect means "to", for example, "he Jiao turns 18 in the new year". "Frozen Ryukyu" refers to the icicles under the eaves in the winter rainy and snowy days, which are often used to refer to transparent objects in the local area, such as the glass ball called "Ryukyu".

还有一些表现物象的词语，准确地表现出数九天不同时节人和物的不同表现。有的再现了数九寒冬冰天雪地的酷冷，如：滴水变成冻琉琉。有的写出了寒冬中人们行动的艰难，如：冰上行人结队走。有的写出了春回大地，人间焕发出的新春喜庆气息，如：沿着河岸插杨柳、冬去春来花草稠、数九尽了草木青、红红绿绿新春衫。

There are also some words that express images, which accurately show the different performances of people and objects in different periods of nine days. Some of them reappear the coldness of the ice and snow in the winter, such as: the dripping water becomes frozen Ryu. Some write about the difficulties of people's actions in the cold winter, such as: pedestrians on the ice walk in groups. Some of them have written the rejuvenated atmosphere of spring. For example, willows are planted along the river bank, flowers and plants are thick from winter to spring, plants and trees are green, red, green and green.

在言语表达中，两首农谚充分体现了民歌的感情朴素、纯真、活泼的特点。如有一处运用了拟人的修辞手法来表情达意，如：二九天气变了脸。写出了二九天气的寒冷无情，变化无常，时而寒风凛冽、寸步难行，时而北风呼啸，滴水成冰。我们也能从中想像出人们在风中缩头拢袖的情景，形象生动，表意深刻。

In the speech expression, the two agricultural proverbs fully embody the simple, pure and lively feelings of folk songs. If there is a use of anthropomorphic rhetoric to express meaning, such as: 29 days changed face. It describes the cold and merciless weather in September, which is changeable. Sometimes it is cold and hard to walk. Sometimes it is howling in the north wind. Every drop of water becomes ice. We can also imagine the scene of people shrinking their heads and sleeves in the wind, which is vivid and profound.

三、真实独特的感受

3、 True and unique feeling

这两首农谚，把人们在不同时节通过各种感官所获得的不同感受描述得淋漓尽致。如通过视觉来写时令景物的变化，如：冬去春来花草稠、韭黄青菜绿茵茵、红红绿绿新春衫、数九尽了草木青；通过触觉来写人对冬季来临的无奈和对春回大地的喜悦：扳指数九冷风来、满天寒气冷飕飕、渐渐舒开两只手、八九吹面风不寒；从听觉上来写入冬后寒流南下，北风呼啸的独特感受：一九和二九，满天寒气冷飕飕；还有写了春回大地，牛鞭不绝于耳的声响：牛鞭遍野响不休。

These two agricultural proverbs vividly describe the different feelings people get through various senses in different seasons. For example, we can write the changes of seasonal scenery through vision, such as: thick flowers and plants from winter to spring, leek, green vegetables, red, green and green new year's shirts, and nine green plants; we can write people's helplessness for the coming of winter and joy for returning to the earth in spring through touch, such as turning the index nine cold wind, chill all over the sky, gradually opening two hands, and no cold face wind from August to September; we can write the cold after entering winter through hearing The unique feeling of southward and northerly wind: in 1919 and 1929, the sky was cold and chilly; there was also the sound of spring returning to the earth and bullwhip: the bullwhip was ringing all over the field.

这两首谚语，还形象巧妙地通过入冬以后人们随时令而变的所有穿着打扮来表现对冬天的切肤之“感”，如：毛衣外套滑雪衫、大衣毛帽不支寒、脱下棉衣把路走、红红绿绿新春衫。

These two proverbs also vividly express the "feeling" of cutting skin in winter through all the clothes people change at any time after winter, such as: sweater, ski coat, coat, hat, take off the cotton coat, red, green and green new year's shirt.

四、鲜明的时代特征

4、 Distinctive characteristics of the times

尤其让人欣喜的是两首农谚虽同出一地，形式上如出一辙，但内容却有所不同，从中可以透现出民歌的人民性和时代性特点。

It is particularly gratifying that although the two proverbs are from the same place and form, they are different in content, from which we can see the characteristics of the people and the times of folk songs.

几千年来，农业生产一直是华夏儿女生存发展的根本。一年之计在于春，作为勤劳的农民，最紧要的应该是适时而耕、及时劳作。农事大于一切，所以要“家家户户犁耙修、收拾农具忙生产、牛鞭遍野响不休”。当然也充分反映了过去人们生产力水平的低下，从事农业生产仍然要依靠笨拙的木制农具和工作效率极低的耕牛。而在第二首中，却出现了带有鲜明时代特征的现代的时髦名词：毛衣外套滑雪衫、火炉旁边读报刊。这些名词的出现，充分地表现了人们生活水平的提高和对精神文明的追求。前后比照真可谓是沧海桑田，翻天覆地！

For thousands of years, agricultural production has been the basis for the survival and development of Chinese people. The plan of a year lies in spring. As an industrious farmer, the most important thing is to cultivate and work in time. Farming is more important than anything else, so we should "plow and rake every household, clean up the farm tools and busy production, and the bullwhip is ringing all over the country.". Of course, it also fully reflects the low level of people's productivity in the past. To engage in agricultural production, we still need to rely on clumsy wooden farm tools and extremely inefficient cattle. In the second song, however, there are modern buzzwords with distinctive characteristics of the times: sweater, jacket, ski shirt, reading newspapers beside the stove. The appearance of these nouns fully shows the improvement of people's living standards and the pursuit of spiritual civilization. Before and after the comparison is really a sea of vicissitudes, earth shaking!

五、科学准确的结论

5、 Scientific and accurate conclusion

这两首农谚还形象地揭示了生物的周期性现象与时节气候的关系，与现代科学家竺可桢的物候学理论研究成果竟不谋而合，如：五九回阳九，沿着河岸插杨柳；九九尽了九，冬去春来花草稠。

These two agricultural proverbs also vividly reveal the relationship between biological periodicity and seasonal climate, which coincides with the research results of modern scientist Zhu Kezhen's phenology theory, such as: five nine return to Yang nine, willow is planted along the river bank; nine end in nine, flowers and grass are thick in spring.

农谚中“五九回阳九，沿着河岸插杨柳”之说，这里的“回阳”是有科学依据的。地理学、天文学研究表明，从冬至日也就是开始数九之日始，太阳已从南回归线渐渐向赤道转移。到了五九时节，天气明显变暖，太阳也离人越来越近了，当地的农民的“回阳”之说正与此不谋而合。

There is a scientific basis for the saying in the agricultural proverb "five nine return to Yang nine, and willow along the river bank". According to the research of geography and astronomy, the sun has shifted from the Tropic of cancer to the equator from the beginning of the ninth solstice. By May 9th, the weather is obviously warming, and the sun is getting closer and closer. The local farmers' theory of "returning to the sun" coincides with this.

从气候、物候及农事活动的实际考察来看，这两首歌不仅适用于我们宿迁一带，还大体适应于黄河流域，对于指导农副业生产和日常生活，都有一定的作用。

From the actual investigation of climate, phenology and agricultural activities, these two songs are not only suitable for our Suqian area, but also generally suitable for the Yellow River Basin, which has a certain role in guiding agricultural and sideline production and daily life.

当然由于我国地域辽阔，气温变化、气候寒冷的程度不同，《九九歌》也因地而异。晋冀鲁豫等北方地区流传的是：“一九二九莫伸手，三九四九冰上走，五九六九沿河看柳，七九河开，八九雁来，九九加一九，耕牛遍地走。”江浙沪等南方地区流传的是：“头九暖，二九寒，三九冻得百鸟乱，四九腊中心，冻死腊虫精，五九四十五，刀斩勿入土，六九五十四，再冷无意思，七九六十三，衣帽两可挽，八九七十二，猫狗找阴地，九九八十一，百草报青叶。”这些都生动地反映了冬至后的八十一天中，气温变化的客观规律。但不知怎的，读起来好像都没有我们所采集到的这两首农谚亲切自然，因为它语意中还透着一股家乡的泥土气息和甘醇如酒的亲情！

Of course, due to the vast territory of our country, different degrees of temperature change and cold climate, jiujiuge also varies from place to place. In northern areas such as Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan, it is said that "do not stretch out your hand in 1929, walk on the ice in 3949, look at the willows along the river in 5969, open the river in 799, come the wild geese in 899, and walk everywhere with the cattle." In southern areas such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, it is said: "the first nine are warm, the second nine are cold, the third nine are frozen to a hundred birds, the fourth nine are wax centers, the wax insect essence is frozen to death, 5945, the knife is cut to the ground, 6954, and then it is cold and uninteresting, 7963, the clothes and hats can be pulled, 8972, the cat and dog are looking for the shade, 9981, and a hundred grasses report the green leaves." All these vividly reflect the objective law of temperature change in 81 days after the winter solstice. But somehow, it doesn't seem like these two agricultural proverbs we have collected are kind and natural, because they also have a hometown's soil flavor and sweet wine like kinship in their semantics!