拯救黄河

雄伟壮丽的高楼、川流不息的车辆、熙熙攘攘的人群。城市化和工业化的水平提高了。但基础设施却严重滞后。污水、烟尘和垃圾的处理能力远远低于它们的产生量。黄河中上游地区，只有兰州、西安、太原有几座污水处理厂，但处理的数量和深度与排放量相比，还远远不够。

Majestic tall buildings, endless vehicles, bustling crowds. The level of urbanization and industrialization has increased. But infrastructure is seriously lagging behind. The treatment capacity of sewage, smoke and waste is far lower than their production. There are only a few sewage treatment plants in Lanzhou, Xi'an and Taiyuan in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, but the quantity and depth of treatment are far from enough compared with the discharge.

俗话说“鱼儿离不开水”，可在这样的毒水中，鱼儿一天也不能生存，如果鱼儿会上树，或许黄河里的珍贵鱼种不至于基本灭绝。

As the saying goes, "fish can't live without water", but in such poisonous water, fish can't survive for a day. If fish can grow trees, maybe the precious fish species in the Yellow River won't be basically extinct.

喝啤酒的人都知道，泡沫越多，啤酒就越好，可是河面上的泡沫越多，只能说明河水的水质就越差。

People who drink beer know that the more foam, the better the beer, but the more bubbles on the river surface, the worse the water quality of the river will be.

90年代，每年注入黄河的污水近30亿吨，黄河的污水和净水比例高达14％。每立方米黄河水中还有52公斤污水。黄河有部分河段的水质丧失了饮用功能。我们的母亲河，日益疲惫和憔悴。

In the 1990s, nearly 3 billion tons of sewage were injected into the Yellow River every year, and the proportion of sewage and purified water in the Yellow River was as high as 14%. There are still 52 kilograms of sewage per cubic meter of Yellow River water. The water quality of some reaches of the Yellow River has lost its drinking function. Our mother river, increasingly tired and haggard.

铺天盖地的垃圾，就在黄河岸边附近堆放，风吹日晒，雨水浸淋。高浓度的渗滤液透析到地下，对地下水造成严重威胁，垃圾的渗滤液注入黄河，更使黄河的水质污染雪上加霜。黄河流域，露天堆放的垃圾场竟数以百计。

The rubbish that covers the sky and earth is piled up near the Bank of the Yellow River. It is exposed to the wind, the sun and the rain. The high concentration of leachate is dialyzed to the underground, which poses a serious threat to the underground water. The landfill leachate is injected into the Yellow River, which makes the water pollution of the Yellow River worse. In the Yellow River Basin, there are hundreds of open dump sites.

黄河流域矿产资源丰富，有石油、天然气、煤炭等几十种资源。煤炭开采、石油化工、有色金属、矿山冶炼、建材水泥，几乎所有的重污染行业都集中在黄河中上游地区。这种畸形的产业结构加上落后的生产工艺，对黄河的污染日趋严重。尽管沿黄省市对治理污染花了巨大的力气，加大力度，但面对严重污染，治理的效果往往还是不尽如人意。

The Yellow River Basin is rich in mineral resources, including dozens of resources such as oil, natural gas and coal. Coal mining, petrochemical, non-ferrous metals, mining smelting, building materials and cement, almost all heavy pollution industries are concentrated in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River. This kind of abnormal industrial structure and backward production technology make the pollution of the Yellow River more and more serious. Although the provinces and cities along the Yellow River have made great efforts to control pollution, but in the face of serious pollution, the effect of treatment is often unsatisfactory.

陕西北部，内蒙古西南部，山西西北部是着名煤炭产地，号称“能源金三角”；山西沿吕梁山、太行山河谷一带号称汾河工业走廊。70年代到90年代中期，上述地区能源开发强度日益增大。这里焦炭生产集中。1996年10月以前，土法炼焦盛行。一堆堆明火，一座座焦炉，搞得黑烟滚滚，遮云蔽日。用这种粗放型的方式生产，既浪费了宝贵的资源，又破坏了生态。

The north of Shaanxi, the southwest of Inner Mongolia and the northwest of Shanxi are famous coal producing areas, known as the "Golden Triangle of energy"; the area along Luliang Mountain and Taihang mountain valley in Shanxi is known as the Fenhe industrial corridor. From the 1970s to the mid-1990s, the intensity of energy development in the above-mentioned areas increased day by day. Coke production is concentrated here. Before October 1996, indigenous coking prevailed. A pile of open fires, coke ovens, make black smoke rolling, cloud block out the sun. This kind of extensive production not only wastes precious resources, but also destroys the ecology.

1996年《国务院关于环境保护的若干问题的决定》对这些落后的生产方式明令予以取缔。

In 1996, the decision of the State Council on Several Issues concerning environmental protection banned these backward modes of production.

超载的土地、庞大的人口，为了吃饭，毁林开荒，弃草种粮，滥垦滥牧，滥采滥伐，使得黄河中上游地区生态日趋恶化。茫茫黄河，赤地千里，干燥的气候、裸露的地表，为沙尘暴的喧嚣肆虐扫清了障碍。1998年4月15日，一场历史上罕见的沙尘暴席卷了半个中国，西北地区“黑云压城城欲摧”、“风沙滚滚来天半”，工农业生产和人民生活损失惨重。

Overloaded land and huge population, in order to eat, deforestation, abandoned grass and grain cultivation, excessive cultivation and animal husbandry, excessive mining and deforestation, make the ecology of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River worsen day by day. The vast Yellow River, the vast expanse of red land, the dry climate and the bare surface have cleared the way for the noise of sandstorm. On April 15, 1998, a rare dust storm swept over half of China. In the northwest of China, "black clouds are crushing the city, and the wind and sand are rolling in half of the sky", causing heavy losses in industrial and agricultural production and people's lives.

饱受污染之灾的两岸人民啊，快行动起来，一起来拯救黄河，治理黄河吧！

People on both sides of the Straits suffering from pollution, hurry up, save the Yellow River and harness it!

1.将市场机制引入污染防治领域。通过市场作用，从原来“谁污染谁治理”的企业个体行为，引申为市场经济条件下的社会分工和供求关系，形成社会化、专业化的环保企业乃至环保行业，向污染责任方提供商业性环保服务，逐步实现环境治理市场化、社会化、企业化。同时，在企业比较集中的工业园区鼓励多家企业污染处理设施共建共享和治污设施专业化运行，提高治污设施处理效率，降低污染治理费用。

1. Introduce market mechanism into the field of pollution prevention and control. Through the role of market, from the original individual behavior of "who pollutes, who governs", it is extended to the social division of labor and the relationship between supply and demand under the conditions of market economy, forming socialized and specialized environmental protection enterprises and even environmental protection industries, providing the pollution responsible party with commercial environmental protection services, and gradually realizing the marketization, socialization and corporatization of environmental governance. At the same time, in the industrial park where enterprises are concentrated, many enterprises are encouraged to build and share pollution treatment facilities and specialized operation of pollution treatment facilities, so as to improve the treatment efficiency of pollution treatment facilities and reduce the cost of pollution treatment.

2.树立“维持黄河健康生命”的新治河理念。一是划定黄河水功能区，根据黄河水资源量和水流的纳污能力，提出各省（区）允许排入黄河的污染物总量，实行省（区）际断面水质行政首长负责制；二是依法治污，在相关法规中明确相应的水污染超标处罚措施，对于污染超标省（区）要停止审批新的水资源利用项目；三是建立和完善水利、环保联合治污机制，在排污监测和监管处理水污染突发事件上统一行动、团结治污。

2. Set up a new concept of "maintaining the healthy life of the Yellow River". First, delimit the Yellow River water function area, propose the total amount of pollutants allowed to discharge into the Yellow River in each province (region) according to the amount of water resources of the Yellow River and the capacity of water flow to accept pollution, and implement the provincial (region) section water quality executive director responsibility system; second, manage pollution according to law, specify the corresponding punishment measures for water pollution exceeding standards in relevant laws and regulations, and stop approving new water resources for the province (region) with pollution exceeding standards Third, establish and improve the joint pollution control mechanism of water conservancy and environmental protection, and take unified actions and unite in pollution monitoring and supervision and treatment of water pollution emergencies.

3.国家应进一步加大力度推行绿色GDP，把环保工作纳入地方党政一把手的政绩考核。

3. The state should further strengthen the implementation of green GDP, and incorporate environmental protection into the performance assessment of local leaders of the party and government.

4.环保体制需要进一步理顺，实行垂直管理，脱离地方的制约。

4. The environmental protection system needs to be further straightened out, implemented vertical management and separated from local constraints.

5.给予环保部门更大的执法权。如处罚力度，关停污染企业等。

5. Give the environmental protection department greater law enforcement power. Such as punishment, closure of polluting enterprises, etc.

6.地方新上项目论证必须有科学的决策程序，有环保部门参与，对新上项目，如果发生大的污染事件，实行事后决策追究制度，以加强地方“一把手”对黄河污染监督管理的自觉性和责任感。

6. The demonstration of local new projects must have scientific decision-making procedures, with the participation of environmental protection departments. For new projects, in case of major pollution events, the post decision-making and investigation system shall be implemented to strengthen the consciousness and sense of responsibility of local "top leaders" for the supervision and management of Yellow River pollution.

7.应该在具备了有效的监测网络基础上，探索建立排污区域赔偿制度，让过度占有资源者付出应有代价。可以通过“排污收费”的办法，由河流段面水质不达标者，向下游提供补偿，迫使沿黄地区政府加大对本地区污染的治理。

7. On the basis of having an effective monitoring network, we should explore the establishment of regional pollution compensation system, so that those who occupy resources excessively will pay their due price. Through the method of "sewage charge", the people who do not meet the water quality standards of the river section can provide compensation to the downstream, forcing the governments along the Yellow River to increase the treatment of local pollution.

这些方法不一定很全，但是个人认为要是做到了的话，黄河也就治理的差不多了吧。最后，希望大家与我一起保护环境，共同治理黄河，让黄河不再变黄。

These methods may not be complete, but I think if they are done, the Yellow River will be almost managed. Finally, I hope that you will work with me to protect the environment and jointly manage the Yellow River so that it will not turn yellow any more.