不应以暴力回应诋毁先知的行为

Muslims pray each day:

穆斯林每天都祈祷：“安拉！求你引导我们上正路。做这个祷告是为了帮助我们远离极端、维持生活中的平衡。我们决不能被自己的反动本能左右；另一方面，在我们的价值观和信仰受到系统性诋毁时，我们也决不能一言不发。侮辱敬爱的先知穆罕默德(Prophet Mohammed)（愿他安息）遗产的行为，引发了暴力回应，进而打破了这种平衡。这种暴力回应是错误的，它偏离了正路。

“O Lord! Keep us on the straight path. It is a prayer to help us move away from the extremes and maintain balance in our lives. We must neither be hostage to our reactionary instincts, nor must we remain completely silent in the face of the systematic defamation of our values and beliefs. This balance has been upset by the violent response to the insults targeting the legacy of beloved Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). The violent response was wrong and strayed from the straight path.

面对一些人对先知穆罕默德（愿他安息）发起的攻击，穆斯林不应无动于衷。相反，他们必须展现出最大限度的敏感和警惕。那些侮辱伊斯兰教的人可能是想描绘穆斯林的负面形象，进而顺理成章地歧视、隔离、迫害或驱逐穆斯林。在穆斯林世界蓄意煽动和制造骚乱并不是什么新鲜事。我们神圣的价值观过去就曾被人用漫画攻击过，今天又受到一部电影和一本法国杂志上的漫画的攻击，明天或许还会遭遇其他形式的攻击。穆斯林决不要受到哄骗和怂恿；相反，我们必须大声劝阻那些较易受到煽动的人，防止他们诉诸暴力。

Muslims should not be indifferent with respect to the attacks on the Prophet (PBUH). On the contrary, they must show the utmost sensitivity and caution. Those insulting Islam might be seeking to depict a negative image of Muslims, and hence justify discrimination, isolation, persecution or deportation. The deliberate instigation and creation of turmoil in the Muslim world is not new. Our sacred values were attacked in the past through cartoons, today it is done through a movie and cartoons in a French magazine, and tomorrow other means may be used. Muslims must not be beguiled or enticed but instead must speak out to prevent those who are more easily provoked from resorting to violence.

当有人对先知穆罕默德做出负面评价时，不管这种负面评价有多么轻微，穆斯林都应感到极其悲伤。但如何表达这种悲伤就是另一回事了。一些人采取的不负责任的行动破坏了伊斯兰教的形象，也破坏了他们声称要捍卫的传统。

When any negative comment is made about the Prophet, however slight it may be, a Muslim should feel deep sorrow. Yet expressing that sorrow is a different matter. Irresponsible actions by individuals damage the image of Islam and destroy the very tradition they are claiming to defend.

由于这种情况关乎每一名穆斯林的权利、以及安拉、《古兰经》(the Koran)和先知穆罕默德，因此我们不能鲁莽行事，而是应该仔细考虑每一个行动可能导致的后果，诉诸集体判断的智慧。

Since the rights of every Muslim, as well as God, the Koran and the Prophet are at stake in such a circumstance, one cannot act recklessly. One should scrutinise the possible ramifications of each and every action, and seek the wisdom of the collective judgment.

作为穆斯林，我们应该自问我们是否已将伊斯兰教和伊斯兰教的先知正确地介绍给世界。我们有没有以适当的方式效仿先知穆罕默德，从而让世人都敬仰他？我们必须完成这个使命——不是用语言，而是用行动。

The question that we should ask ourselves as Muslims is whether we have introduced Islam and its Prophet properly to the world. Have we followed his example in such a way as to instil admiration? We must do so, not with words, but with our actions.

如果一提到伊斯兰教人们首先想到的是人体炸弹，那么他们怎么能对伊斯兰教形成积极的看法呢？任意杀害无辜平民的行为，与历史上穆斯林遭受的暴行又有什么不同呢？袭击美国驻利比亚领事馆、杀害大使和领事馆官员（他们与那部卑鄙的电影没有任何关系），到底是依据什么道理？如果是穆斯林展开了这些攻击，那就意味着他们完全不理解伊斯兰教教义，而且是在以伊斯兰教的名义犯下滔天罪行。

If suicide bombers are the first things that come to people’s minds, how could they have a positive opinion of Islam? How is killing innocent civilians indiscriminately different from the barbarity suffered by Muslims in history? What is the rationale behind attacking an American consulate in Libya, killing an ambassador and consulate officers, who have nothing to do with this wretched movie? If it is Muslims who are carrying out these attacks, it means that they are entirely unaware of what Islam is all about and are committing the biggest crime in the name of Islam.

穆斯林必须始终做到坦率和言行一致。如果一个人希望自己的宗教和价值观受到尊重，那么他也应该尊重基督教徒、犹太教徒、佛教徒以及其他人的神圣价值观。在回应别人的所作所为时，穆斯林不应偏离正确的中间道路。通过诉诸社会的集体良知和国际社会，我们能够找到很多正确的回应方式。

A Muslim must always be straightforward and consistent in his actions and words. He should respect the sacred values of Christians, Jews, Buddhists and others as he expects his own religion and values to be respected. In reacting, a Muslim should not sway from the proper middle path. Many correct forms of response can be found by appealing to the collective conscience of society and to the international community.

旨在煽动暴力的仇恨言论是对言论自由的一种滥用。它侵犯了他人的权利、尊严和自由，在一个拥有可怕武器的时代将人类推向冲突。我们不应成为他人煽动行为的受害者，而是应该诉诸相关国际机构，比如伊斯兰合作组织(Organisation of Islamic Co-operation)和联合国，来制止、揭露和谴责仇恨言论。我们可以采取一切法律允许的行动，来制止对所有备受尊敬的宗教人物的不敬，而不仅仅是对先知穆罕默德的不敬。

Hate speech designed to incite violence is an abuse of the freedom of expression. It violates the rights, dignity and freedoms of others while pushing humanity toward conflict in an age of horrifying weapons. Instead of falling victim to the instigation of others, we should appeal to the relevant international institutions, such as the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation or the UN, to intervene, expose and condemn instances of hate speech. We can do whatever it takes within the law to prevent any disrespect to all revered religious figure, not only to the Prophet Mohammed.

先知穆罕默德多次受到攻击，我们应对这些攻击行为予以谴责，但正确的回应方式不是暴力。相反，我们必须不懈努力，增进人们对所有宗教神圣价值观的尊敬。

The attacks on the Prophet we have repeatedly experienced are to be condemned, but the correct response is not violence. Instead, we must pursue a relentless campaign to promote respect for the sacred values of all religions.

本文作者是研究逊尼派传统的穆斯林学者、伊斯坦布尔“记者与作家基金会 (Journalists and Writers Foundation)名誉主席

The writer is a Muslim scholar in the Sunni tradition and honorary chairman of the Istanbul-based Journalists and Writers Foundation