香港空气污染控制不达标

Hong Kong has persistently and significantly exceeded its own targets on air pollution limits since they were first set in 1987, according to a report released on Wednesday from the government audit office.

香港特区审计署周三发布的一份报告显示，自1987年香港订立空气污染限制指标以来，实际空气污染水平一直显著超出特区政府自己设定的目标上限。

Air pollution in Hong Kong is a constant source of complaint and frustration among the population and – along with the scarcity of school places – one of the most significant factors that discourages or even prevents some people moving to the place that bills itself “Asia’s world city.

香港的空气污染问题一直以来都让本地民众感到不满和失望。虽然香港将自己标榜为“亚洲的国际化都市，但空气污染问题和学校学位紧缺问题一样，一直是导致一部分人不愿、甚至放弃搬至香港的最主要因素之一。

Christine Loh, the undersecretary for the environment, said the Hong Kong government accepted all the findings of the report and pledged it would tackle the problems with new targets, incentives and potential penalties for commercial and public transport and shipping in the city.

环境局副局长陆恭蕙(Christine Loh)表示，香港政府承认调查报告中所指出的所有问题，并将为解决这些问题制定新的目标和激励机制，对于香港市内的商业、公共交通以及船运业则可能制定相关的惩罚措施。

Last year the roadside annual average concentration of nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matters with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less (PM10), exceeded the government’s own air quality objectives by 53 per cent and 11 per cent respectively, according to the report. It added that both measures exceeded the World Health Organisation limits by 205 per cent.

报告指出，去年香港道路两旁二氧化氮和可吸入悬浮颗粒物(PM10)的全年平均浓度，分别较香港政府自身设定的空气质量目标上限高出了53%和11%。报告补充称，以上两项指标较世界卫生组织(World Health Organisation)设定的上限均高出205%。

The PM10 levels were more than three times those of Sydney, and more than double levels in London and New York.

香港的PM10水平较悉尼高出两倍多，较伦敦和纽约则高出一倍以上。

Ms Loh, who is part of the new administration under city chief executive Chun-ying Leung, said that the current government had already begun to do more about air pollution.

陆恭蕙表示，本届特区政府已经开始就空气污染问题采取更多举措。陆恭蕙是香港特首梁振英(Leung Chun-ying)领导的新一届特区政府成员。

“CY Leung has put air quality management as part of public health, which is a significant and articulate change in policy, she told the Financial Times. “This means we are not just talking about emissions reduction, but linking it to health policy.

陆恭蕙对英国《金融时报》表示：“梁振英已经将空气质量管理作为是公众健康问题的一部分，这是政策领域一个重大而明确的转变。这意味着政府不会仅仅空谈减少空气污染物排放，而会将其与卫生政策联系起来。

The government is preparing reports on the real impact on health from pollution and has already begun discussions with big polluters ahead of plans to alter legislation in 2015.

香港特区政府正在准备有关空气污染对于公众健康实际影响的报告，计划在2015年修改相关法规，目前已与主要污染方展开沟通。

But Ms Loh added that Hong Kong had a particular set of problems because of its very high density population, traffic, and its tall buildings and narrow streets, which trap emissions.

但陆恭蕙补充称，有一些问题是香港所特有的，因为香港极高的人口密度、交通以及高楼窄街的建筑模式不利于排放物散开。

The government is looking at subsidising catalytic converters for the hundreds of ageing diesel buses in the city as well as incentives for commercial heavy truck operators to renew their fleets.

香港政府正考虑为市内数百辆使用年限已久的柴油巴士提供补贴，促使其安装催化式排气净化器，并设立激励机制鼓励重型卡车运营商让自己的车队变得更环保。

Ms Loh said that future government announcements would detail some sticks as well as carrots for some of these industries as well as for shipping, although she noted that some shipping companies were already operating a voluntary clean-fuel scheme for when their boats were in port.

陆恭蕙表示，未来政府公告中将列出为控制运输、船运等行业空气污染物排放而制定的激励和惩罚措施。但她也指出，某些船运公司已在旗下船舶进入港口时执行一项清洁燃料志愿计划。

Arthur Bowring, of the Hong Kong shipowners’ association, said the voluntary scheme would run out at the end of this year, but that the incentives offered by the government in March to encourage ships to continue using cleaner fuel in port only covered 30-40 per cent of the cost.

香港船东会执行董事包荣(Arthur Bowring)表示，清洁燃料志愿计划将于今年年底到期，但3月份政府为鼓励船舶在进入港口时继续使用清洁燃料而推出的激励机制，仅能覆盖相关成本的30%至40%。

“Our aim is for regulation for Hong Kong and for the whole Pearl River Delta, to ensure that individual companies and Hong Kong as a port, do not become uncompetitive, he said. “[Without that] I don’t hold out much hope for voluntary initiatives to be sustained.

包荣表示：“我们的目标是香港以及整个珠三角都受到监管，以保证个体公司以及作为一个港口的香港不会变得缺乏竞争力。如果没有这一点，我对志愿计划能够延续多久不抱太大希望。