瑞士入籍考试遭炮轰 问题奇葩 流程“任性”

瑞士国籍是出了名的难拿，要想通过入籍考试，外国公民得知道如何回收废油？比起大超市，更应该去当地街角小店？还得对瑞士土著玩儿的传统运动了如指掌？近日，一位在瑞士长大的土耳其裔年轻女性在入籍申请遭拒引发争议，瑞士入籍程序被批“武断”。

Should foreign residents have to know how to recycle waste oil before they can apply for citizenship? Are people who shop at local corner shops more deserving citizens than those who frequent supermarkets? And what kind of sport is "hornussing"?

外国居民在申请公民身份前必须知道如何回收废油？在街角商店买东西的人比经常逛超市的人更应该成为公民？而“瑞士棒球”又是什么运动呢？

These are just some of the questions Switzerland is puzzling over after a 25-year-old failed the notoriously tough Swiss citizenship requirements – even though she has lived in the country all her life, speaks fluently in the local dialect and had passed the written part of the exam with full marks.

这些只是困扰瑞士的一部分问题。一名25岁的女性一出生就在这个国家生活，可以流利的说当地语言，并且满分通过笔试部分。但她仍然不满足瑞士出了名苛刻的入籍条件。

Funda Yilmaz, who was born in Switzerland to Turkish parents and works as a draughtswoman in the town of Aarau, applied for citizenship after her Swiss fiancee had suggested that she should take a more active part in the referendums that make up the country's unusual mix of direct and representative democracy.

伊尔马斯出生在瑞士，在阿劳镇做绘图师，父母是土耳其人。她申请了瑞士公民身份，因为她的瑞士未婚夫建议她在该国特殊的直接民主和代议制民主组合制度下更加积极地参与公民投票。

"I was born here. I don't know any other life," she told a panel of six examiners at the interview which follows the written test. "I don't have plans to emigrate either."

笔试之后，她在面试中对同一组的6位考官表示：“我出生在这里。我不了解别处的生活，也没有移民的计划。”

Yet after two rounds of interviews and more than 100 questions, a jury of local councilors from the municipality of Buchs rejected Yilmaz's application by 20 votes to 12, reasoning that she "lives in a small world and shows no interest in entering a dialogue with Switzerland and its population" – a verdict many have questioned after weekly news magazine Schweizer Illustrierte published a transcript of the interview.

然而，经过两轮面试，100多个问题，布克斯市政府的地方顾问评审团还是以20：12的投票结果拒绝了伊尔马斯的申请，原因是她“生活在一个小圈子里，对融入瑞士和瑞士人不感兴趣。”在资讯周刊《瑞士画报》刊登了面试结果后，这一决议受到广泛质疑。

The jury criticized Yilmaz for displaying "gaps" in her knowledge of the municipal recycling system and for not being able to name any local shops other than chain supermarkets such as Aldi.

评审团批评伊尔马思缺乏对市政回收系统的了解，并且除Aldi等连锁超市，她说不出任何一家地方商铺的名字。

Another complaint centred around her unfamiliarity with "typical Swiss sports", such as Hornussen, an indigenous cross between baseball and golf, or Schwingen, a style of folk wrestling. Yilmaz had named skiing as a typical Swiss sport. "One could have a very long debate about what is typical and traditional," she wrote in a letter complaining about her rejection.

另一个主要的不满是她不熟悉“典型的瑞士运动”，比如结合了棒球和高尔夫的土著瑞士棒球，或是民间式摔跤运动瑞士摔跤。伊尔马斯则认为滑雪是典型的瑞士运动。她在被拒投诉信中写道：“人们可以就典型和传统好好辩论一番。”

Other questions chosen by the jury included "Do you like hiking?", "Would you rather visit Geneva or the region around Lake Geneva?" and "What kind of fitness training do you do?"

评审团提问的其他问题还包括：“你喜欢远足吗？”，“你更喜欢去日内瓦，还是日内瓦湖周边地区？”“你做哪些健身训练？”

Since the case emerged, there have been several calls for a reform of the naturalization process, which is decided by municipal juries comprised of local residents rather than a centralized agency. "The arbitrary nature of the official process has rarely been so visibly on display," wrote the Tagesanzeiger newspaper. In February, Switzerland voted to make it easier for third-generation immigrants to become citizens, rejecting the complaints of rightwing politicians that the proposed measures would pose a security risk. Until now, a fast-track route to citizenship has been open only to foreigners who had been married to Swiss citizens for more than six years, including those who have never lived in the country.

自从这件事情发生以来，人们已经数次要求改革入籍程序。入籍决定权在地方居民组成的评审团而不是中央机构手中 。《每日导报》称：“官方入籍程序很少表现得如此武断。”今年2月，瑞士投票通过放松对第三代移民的入籍要求，否定了右翼政客的反对声音，这些人认为提案措施可能会带来安全隐患。目前为止，快速入籍仅向与瑞士公民结婚超过6年的外国人开放，包括那些从未在瑞士生活的人。