大学毕业生身价看涨

The value of a university degree has increased over the past 10 years across most of the developed world, as employers’ demands for well qualified workers has grown faster than the available supply.

过去10年里，由于雇主对高素质人才的需求迅速增长、导致高素质人才供不应求，因此，在发达世界的大部分地方，大学毕业生的身价也提高了。

According to a report by the OECD, an average graduate in a developed nation in 2001 could expect to earn 44 per cent more than a worker with school-level qualifications. By 2010, the figure had risen to 59 per cent.

经合组织(OECD)一份报告显示，2001年，发达国家大学毕业生受雇后的薪水，预计平均会比学历较低的受雇者高出44%。到2010年时，这一数字已升至59%。

Angel Gurría, general secretary of the organisation, said: “Countries need an increasingly educated and skilled workforce to succeed in today’s economy.

经合组织秘书长安赫尔·古里亚(Angel Gurría)表示：“一个国家若想在如今的经济环境中取得成功，就需要教育程度和技能水平更高的劳动者。

This rise in demand has come despite a steep rise in the supply of graduates. From 1995 to 2010, the number of young people in OECD-member countries going through university almost doubled from 20 per cent to 39 per cent.

尽管大学毕业生数量急剧增加，但雇主对大学毕业生的需求也增加了。从1995年到2010年，经合组织成员国年轻人中大学毕业生的比重几乎翻了一番，从20%升至39%。

In addition to earning more, graduates have been shielded from the worst of the economic crisis: in European Union members, total labour income shrank slightly in 2010. The total income of well educated Europeans, however, grew by 0.55 per cent.

受雇的大学毕业生不但收入水平相对较高，而且就算在本次经济危机最严重的时期，他们也没有受到什么冲击：2010年，欧盟成员国所有劳动者的总收入略有下降，但受过良好教育的劳动者的总收入却增长了0.55%。

Andreas Schleicher, chief education adviser to the OECD general secretary, said: “The crisis has reinforces the importance of good education ... Those with mid-range jobs and skills felt the most severe impact of the 2010 drop in GDP.

经合组织秘书长首席教育顾问安德烈亚斯·施莱歇(Andreas Schleicher)表示：“本次危机凸显出良好教育的重要性……2010年全球GDP下滑，对收入和技能处于中游水平的劳动者影响最大。

Gavan Conlon, an economist at London Economics who has studied the value of higher education qualifications, said: “Employers are paying more to get the skills. The vast majority of the high return on a degree represents the improved productivity of graduates compared to school leavers.

London Economics的经济学家加万·康伦(Gavan Conlon)对高等教育文凭的价值进行了研究。他说：“雇主正在提高对技能的出价。大学文凭普遍能带来高回报，这意味着，受雇的大学毕业生比学历较低的受雇者生产力更高。

Referring to his research on the UK, Mr Conlon said: “However many graduates are supplied, employers have been willing to continue to pay a premium to employ them.

康伦提到自己对英国这方面情况的研究，他说：“无论大学毕业生有多少，雇主总是愿意用相对较高的薪水聘请他们。

The premium for the best educated employees is extremely variable. In Sweden, the graduate premium is only one quarter. In Hungary and Ireland, graduates earn double the wages of school leavers. But demand is strong in emerging markets too.

不同国家大学毕业生的“相对高薪相差很大。在瑞典，受雇大学毕业生的薪水只比学历较低的受雇者高25%。而在匈牙利和爱尔兰，这个数字是100%。不过，新兴市场对大学毕业生的需求也更旺盛。

In Brazil, where the report states about half of young people have not completed secondary school, graduates can command wages two-and-a-half times that of school leavers. The report notes that the premium is, however, shrinking.

该研究报告称，在巴西，约一半的年轻人没有念完中学，那里的大学毕业生能够挣得比学历较低者高1.5倍的工资。不过，该报告指出，这个数字正在缩校

Alvaro Comin, an academic at the Brazil Institute at King’s College London, said: “The overall level of inequality in Brazil is very high, but declining. The distances between black and white, men and women are declining. So it’s natural that the graduate premium is declining too.

伦敦国王学院(King’s College London)巴西研究所(Brazil Institute)学者阿尔瓦罗·科明(Alvaro Comin)说：“总体而言，巴西的收入差距很大，不过这个差距正在缩校黑人和白人、男性和女性之间的收入差距在缩校因此，受雇大学毕业生与学历较低受雇者之间收入差距的缩小也是很自然的。

The Brazilian government wants to increase the supply of graduates through a programme called “Science without Borders. The scheme will send 100,000 Brazilians abroad to study at institutions around the world.

巴西政府希望通过一个名为“科学无国界(Science without Borders)的计划来增加大学毕业生供应量。该计划将把10万名巴西学生送到世界各地的大学学习。

Mr Comin said, “The idea is good. This comes from a recognition that the Brazilian academic system is not good enough. If we want to speed the preparation of professionals, we must send them abroad.

科明说：“这个想法不错。之所以有这个想法，是因为巴西意识到，自己的学术体系不够好。如果我们想加快专业人才的培养，就必须把他们送到国外学习。

The OECD has also highlighted a potential problem for several European countries: the advancing years of its teaching workforce. More than 40 per cent of secondary school teachers in seven European Union countries are aged 50 or older.

经合组织还特别指出，有些欧洲国家可能面临一个问题，那就是师资力量老龄化。在7个欧盟国家中，有超过40%的中学教师年龄在50岁或50岁以上。