又退群！特朗普宣布退出伊核协议

当地时间8日下午，美国总统特朗普正式宣布美国将单方面退出2017年由伊朗与伊核问题六国签订的伊朗核问题全面协议。

US President Donald Trump holds up a proclamation declaring his intention to withdraw from the JCPOA Iran nuclear agreement after signing it in the Diplomatic Room at the White House in Washington, US, May 8, 2018. [Photo/Agencies]

据美国有线电视资讯网（CNN）报道：

US President Donald Trump announced Tuesday he is quitting the Iran nuclear deal, pitting him against the United States' Western allies and leaving the future of Tehran's nuclear ambitions in question.

美国总统特朗普8日宣布将退出伊朗核协议，此举使美国公然与其西方盟友针锋相对，也令伊朗未来的核计划充满不确定性。

【何为伊核协议？】

当地时间2017年7月14日，伊核问题六国、欧盟和伊朗在奥地利维也纳达成伊核问题全面协议。

全称： 联合全面行动计划(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action)

参与国家：伊朗与国际调停“六方”(俄、美、英、中、法、德)

签署时间：2017年7月14日

签署地点：维也纳

生效时间：2016年1月16日

要点：

1. Iran has agreed to dismantle most of its nuclear program, guaranteeing they would not be able to make a bomb for at least one year, over the course of 10 years.

伊朗同意废除大部分核计划，确保在未来10年当中，伊朗没有能力在一年内制造出核弹。

2. Iran’s 19,000 installed centrifuges will have to be cut to no more than 6,104 for the next 10 years. The 13,000 decommissioned centrifuges will be sent to monitored storage by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

伊朗目前已安装的1.9万台离心机将被缩减至6104台以下。1.3万台拆解的离心机将被移送至由国际原子能机构监控的存放地点。

3. Iran has also agreed to reduce its stockpile of enriched uranium (the material needed to make a bomb) by 98 percent and agreed to halt further enrichment. That material would either be diluted or sold.

伊朗还同意将浓缩铀（制造核弹的材料）的储备减少98%，并中止铀浓缩项目。削减的浓缩铀将被稀释或者出售。

4.The heavy water nuclear reactor in Arak will be redesigned, preventing Iran from producing weapons grade plutonium there. Iran will ship the spent fuel from Arak and over the next 15 years Iran will not build any new heavy water reactors.

位于阿拉克的重水核子反应炉将被重新设计，以防止伊朗生产武器级别的钚。伊朗将运走阿拉克基地内的燃料，在未来15年内都不会再建造任何新的重水反应堆。

5. If Iran breaks its commitments, all sanctions could be quickly snapped back into place, according to the terms of the agreement.

谈判协议规定，如果伊朗不履行承诺，所有的制裁将迅速恢复。

在白宫发表的电视讲话中，特朗普称伊核协议是“已经腐烂了”的协议： "It is clear to me that we cannot prevent an Iranian nuclear bomb under the decaying and rotten structure of the current agreement."

很显然，在如今这个架子已经腐烂了的协议下，我们根本无法阻止伊朗拥有核武器。

"This was a horrible one-sided deal that should have never, ever been made. It didn't bring calm, it didn't bring peace, and it never will."

这是一个糟糕的单方面获益的协议，从一开始就不该被签订。它过去没有带来平静与和平，将来也永远不可能。

特朗普还表示，美国将重启对伊朗的制裁：

“We will be instituting the highest level of economic sanction. Any nation that helps Iran in its quest for nuclear weapons could also be strongly sanctioned by the United States.”

我们将制定最严厉的经济制裁，任何帮助伊朗寻求核武器的国家也会遭到美国的严厉制裁。

他在签署重新制裁伊朗政权的总统备忘录前说，这一举措是要传达一个重要信息：

“The United States no longer makes empty threats.”

美国不会再只做空洞的威胁。

作为回应，伊朗表示暂时会留在协议框架之内，但是已做好准备，如有必要，重新启动核武器的研究。

伊朗总统鲁哈尼（Hassan Rouhani）说：

"I have ordered the Atomic Energy Organisation of Iran to be ready for action if needed, so that if necessary we can resume our enrichment on an industrial level without any limitations."

我已经命令伊朗原子能组织做好准备，如有必要，不设限制地重新开始我们工业级别的铀浓缩。

联合国秘书长古特雷斯（UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres）对此表示担忧，他说：

"I am deeply concerned by today's announcement that the United States will be withdrawing from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and will begin reinstating US sanctions (against Iran)."

对于美国今天宣布退出《联合全面行动计划》并重启对伊朗制裁的决定，我深表担忧。

"I call on other JCPOA participants to abide fully by their respective commitments under the JCPOA and on all other (UN) member states to support this agreement."

我呼吁其他伊核协议参与方严格遵守各自的承诺，也希望联合国其他成员国支持该协议。

另一方面，特朗普的决定让美国的欧洲盟友们感到手足无措。

英、法、德三国领导人共同发布声明，对特朗普的决定表示“遗憾和担忧”（regret and concern），并宣布他们将继续遵守伊核协议。

不过，伊朗在中东的劲敌以色列就强烈赞同美国的决定。

Trump won strong backing from Saudi Arabia and Israel, whose leader, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, hailed him for a “historic move” and “courageous leadership.”

特朗普获得了沙特阿拉伯和以色列的全力支持。以色列总理内塔尼亚胡盛赞特朗普做了一个“历史性的举措”，彰显了“有胆识的领导力”。

【相关词汇】

伊朗核协议 Iran nuclear deal

铀浓缩 uranium enrichment

离心机 centrifuge

武器禁运 arms embargo

钚 plutonium

重水核子反应炉 heavy water nuclear reactor