奥巴马为第二个任期规划蓝图

President Barack Obama turned his focus Wednesday to how he will work with Congress in his second term, while also preparing for the expected departure of many senior administration officials.

美国总统奥巴马(Barack Obama)周三将关注重点转向如何在第二个任期内与国会合作，同时也在为预计中的很多高层政府官员的离任做准备。

Mr. Obama already has scheduled meetings with his senior staff to map out a path for the coming days, including one Thursday to discuss personnel. He immediately faces a fiscal crisis looming at the end of the year, with limited time to bridge differences between the parties over taxes and spending plans.

奥巴马已经安排了时间与高层幕僚开会，以便为接下来的几天制定计划，包括周四一场讨论人事问题的会议。他将马上面临年底即将出现的财政危机，他只有有限的时间来弥合两党在税收和支出计划上的分歧。

At the same time, he is preparing for the departure of nearly half to two-thirds of his staff at the highest levels of the White House and across the administration. His top advisers have been working on a plan for filling posts expected to be vacated by senior White House aides, ambassadors and the secretaries of State and Treasury.

与此同时，他将为白宫和政府最高层中近半数到三分之二的幕僚的离任做准备。他的高级顾问一直在制定计划，以便为白宫高级官员、驻外大使、国务卿和财政部长离任留下来的空位寻找合适人眩

One of Mr. Obama's chief goals is to accomplish what he was unable to do in a first term─make major policy strides while working with Republicans, who retained control of the House in Tuesday's election. People close to Mr. Obama said he was looking to send a message to congressional Republicans and to members of his own party, some of whom may see his re-election as a mandate for commitment to their own approach, that he is willing to reach compromises on major initiatives.

奥巴马的首要目标之一是实现他在第一个任期中无法实现的事──联合共和党在政策上取得重大进展。共和党在周二的选举中保持了对众议院的控制。接近奥巴马的人士说，他正寻求向国会的共和党和民主党议员传达这样一个讯息：他愿意在重大动议上达成让步。部分民主党议员可能认为奥巴马连任使他们可以名正言顺地坚持自己的做法。

'He wants to effectively demonstrate that as early in this process as possible to try to set a new tone,' said a person who has been advising the White House.

一个为白宫提供建议的人士说，奥巴马希望尽早有力地显示出自己奠定新基调的努力。

'If anything, he wants to reduce the sense of dysfunctionality that exists in Washington today by resetting the stage, and this is a reset opportunity,' this person added. 'You'll certainly see that as early as next week.'

上述人士还说，他希望通过翻开新的一页来减少目前人们对华盛顿运转不良的印象，而这是一个翻开新一页的机会；大家肯定会看到的，最早就在下周。

Mr. Obama's staff is trying to arrange meetings with congressional leaders this week, while engaging with Democrats and Republicans more heavily next week before he leaves for a trip to Asia.

奥巴马的幕僚正努力为本周他与国会领袖的会见安排时间，下周他将更多地接触民主党和共和党议员，之后他将启程前往亚洲。

Mr. Obama is hoping to apply lessons learned from his failed attempts last year to cut a sweeping budget deal with Republicans. He was criticized for most of his first term for not reaching out to members of Congress from either party.

奥巴马去年曾试图与共和党达成全面预算计划，但没有成功，他希望这次能够吸取教训。外界批评他说，在第一个任期中的大部分时间，他都没有接触两党中任何一个党的国会议员。

Mr. Obama called congressional leaders from both parties Tuesday night to discuss 'finding bipartisan solutions' to deficit-reduction, taxes and jobs, a White House statement said. In his victory speech in Chicago, he identified his priorities as deficit-reduction, an overhaul of the tax code, 'fixing our immigration system' and energy independence. He spent most of Wednesday in Chicago, site of his campaign headquarters, before returning to Washington late in the day.

白宫发表的一份声明说，奥巴马周二晚间致电国会两党领袖，讨论如何为减赤、税收和就业寻找两党均支持的解决方法。奥巴马在芝加哥发表的胜选演讲中明确了自己的首要任务是减少赤字、改革税法、修改移民制度及摆脱对外国能源的依赖。他周三大部分时间都在芝加哥的竞选总部，周三晚间返回了华盛顿。

The developments came as the size of Mr. Obama's election victory became clearer. He won no sweeping mandate in the popular vote, carrying about 50% to Mitt Romney's 48%. With 99% of precincts counted, an Associated Press tally showed the president with more than 60,367,000 votes, to about 57,573,000 for Mr. Romney.

这些事都发生在奥巴马的胜选优势变得更加清晰之际。他在普选中并没有获得压倒性的多数票，他和罗姆尼(Mitt Romney)的得票率分别为约50%和48%。在99%的选区已经统计投票的情况下，美联社(Associated Press)的一项统计显示，奥巴马赢得了逾60,367,000张选票，而罗姆尼赢得了约57,573,000张选票。

But Mr. Obama's lead in the Electoral College was far larger. The president held 303 electoral votes to 206 for Mr. Romney, and he was ahead in the one state whose result was uncertain, Florida, which carries 29 electoral votes.

但奥巴马在选举人投票中的优势要大得多。奥巴马赢得了303张选举人票，而罗姆尼赢得了206票。此外，奥巴马在唯一一个投票结果不确定的州──佛罗里达州领先。该州有29张选举人票。

Mr. Obama's lead in Florida as of Wednesday afternoon was barely outside the 0.5% margin that would trigger a recount, according to the division of elections.

据佛罗里达选举部门说，截至周三下午，奥巴马在佛罗里达州的领先优势勉强超过了0.5%的误差范围。如果落入0.5%的误差范围以内，则需要重新计票。

White House aides are closely watching GOP leaders for clues about whether there is an opening for an agreement on fiscal issues and are trying to determine both the approach and tone Mr. Obama should take in engaging Republicans─in particular, how tough a public posture he should take. Mr. Obama believes his re-election gave him a mandate to raise taxes on the wealthy as part of any deficit-reduction deal.

白宫的工作人员正在密切关注共和党领导人，试图从中找到蛛丝马迹，看是否有可能与其就财政问题达成一项协议，并在努力确定奥巴马在接触共和党议员时应该采取的做法和态度──尤其是，他在公开场合应该采取多强硬的姿态。奥巴马认为，连任使他有权力对富人增税。对富人增税是任何减赤计划的一部分。

But even beyond Mr. Obama's challenge in negotiating with Republicans, it's not clear how enthusiastically congressional Democrats will back his agenda, especially if it involves compromising with Republicans on longstanding positions on entitlement programs such as Medicare and Social Security. Democrats have long complained that Mr. Obama's White House rarely reaches out to them, and many House Democrats believe the president expended little effort helping them in the recent election, a sentiment that is not likely to make his outreach any easier.

但暂且不论奥巴马在与共和党议员谈判中要面临的挑战，目前还不清楚国会民主党议员对奥巴马的方案支持的热情有多高，特别是如果他的计划意味着要在美国联邦医疗保险(Medicare)和社会保险等福利项目的一贯立场上向共和党做出让步。民主党议员一直抱怨说，奥巴马主持的白宫很少接触他们，很多民主党众议员认为，奥巴马在近期的议会选举中没有花多大力气帮助他们。这种情绪可能不会使他接触两党议员的努力变得更容易。

Mr. Obama's promise in his victory speech early Wednesday that he would move forward on an overhaul of immigration laws was seconded later Wednesday by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D., Nev.), who said immigration would be at the top of the Senate's agenda. 'The only thing we need, to get immigration reform done, are a few Republican votes,'' he said. 'I get 90% of the Democrats; couldn't we get a few Republicans to join us? So it's high on our list, and we're going to have some votes on it.'

奥巴马周三早间在胜选演讲中承诺，他将推进移民法的改革。周三晚些时候，参议院多数党领袖、内华达州民主党议员里德(Harry Reid)对此表示支持，他说移民问题将是参议院的首要任务。他说，要实现移民法的改革，我们唯一还缺的就是几张共和党的选票，我能确保获得90%的民主党议员的支持，我们难道不能让一些共和党议员也支持移民法改革吗？所以这是我们的首要任务，我们将在这个问题上进行几次投票。

Several Democratic victories Tuesday, including Mr. Obama's, were won with considerable support from Latino voters, and immigration advocates hoped that would pressure GOP leaders to back an immigration overhaul.

民主党周二获得的几项胜利（包括奥巴马获得连任）都是在拉美裔选民的强力支持下实现的。移民活动人士希望这能促使共和党领袖支持移民法改革。

The goal of such legislation would be offering a path to citizenship for the 11 million people living in the U.S. illegally. Any attempt to pass it would come after the White House and Congress address the looming 'fiscal cliff,' the combination of spending cuts and tax increases scheduled to take effect in January.

改革移民法的目的在于为1,100万非法居住在美国的人提供一种入籍的途径。不过，任何通过移民法改革的尝试都必须要等到白宫和国会解决了即将到来的“财政悬崖(fiscal cliff)之后。财政悬崖指的是将于明年1月生效的减支和增税。

The White House has held quiet conversations with lawmakers in both parties about a sweeping immigration overhaul and is looking to identify Republican senators, in particular, who might be willing to cooperate. Past efforts to win cooperation from the GOP have failed. But with the election over, the White House is hopeful Republicans will be more amenable.

白宫一直在与两党议员就全面的移民法改革举行秘密会谈，并寻求找到可能愿意合作的共和党参议员。过去争取共和党合作的努力都失败了。但如今选举已经结束，白宫希望共和党议员会更加通情达理。

Last month, White House officials met with advocates of an immigration overhaul. In the meeting in the West Wing, advocates told the president that 'he has to lead in a way that brings conservatives and moderates to the table,' said Ali Noorani, executive director of the National Immigration Forum, a nonpartisan immigration advocacy group. Mr. Noorani added that the president's victory speech early Wednesday 'was a pretty tremendous step in that direction.'

上个月，白宫官员与支持移民法改革的活动人士举行了会谈。无党派移民权益活动组织全国移民论坛(National Immigration Forum)的执行董事努拉尼(Ali Noorani)说，在白宫的总统办公室举行的会谈中，活动人士对奥巴马说，他的领导方式必须能够令保守派人士和中间派人士坐到谈判桌前。努拉尼还说，奥巴马周三早间发表的胜选演讲是朝着这个方向迈出的相当大的一步。

Candidates to succeed Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner include White House Chief of Staff Jacob Lew and Erskine Bowles, co-chairman of the White House's deficit-reduction panel in 2010. Whoever is selected for the post will have a much different portfolio than that of Mr. Geithner, who spent much of his time dealing with the aftermath of the financial crisis. His replacement likely will focus more on budget and tax-policy issues, requiring the ability to negotiate with Congress.

财政部长盖特纳(Timothy Geithner)的可能继任者包括白宫幕僚长卢(Jacob Lew)和2010年担任白宫减赤委员会联合主席的鲍尔斯(Erskine Bowles)。无论谁继任这个职位，其面对的问题都将与盖特纳大不相同。盖特纳大部分时间都在应对金融危机的后果，而他的继任者则可能将更多专注于预算和税收政策问题，需要有与国会进行谈判的能力。

Leading candidates to replace Secretary of State Hillary Clinton are Sen. John Kerry, United Nations Ambassador Susan Rice and former Sen. Chuck Hagel. Mrs. Clinton has said she will remain in office until her replacement is confirmed, which likely would be next year.

接替国务卿克林顿(Hillary Clinton)的主要人选包括参议员克里(John Kerry)、美国常驻联合国代表赖斯(Susan Rice)和前参议员哈格尔(Chuck Hagel)。克林顿一直说，在接替她的人选确定之前，她会一直担任国务卿。她的继任者可能将于明年确定。

Attorney General Eric Holder's future in the administration is unclear. Mr. Holder has told administration officials he wants to stay on for a period into the Obama second term, as the Justice Department marks the 50th anniversary of important milestones in the 1960s civil rights struggle. A final decision on how long he stays hasn't been made.

司法部长霍尔德(Eric Holder)在奥巴马政府中的未来还不清楚。霍尔德一直对政府官员说，他希望在奥巴马第二个任期中留任一段时间，因为司法部将庆祝具有里程碑意义的民权运动50周年。不过他说还没有最终决定将留任多长时间。