中国将加大可再生能源发展

When Danish enzyme maker Novozymes was looking for partners to help it make chemicals out of corn cobs, it came to China.

丹麦酶制剂制造商诺维信(Novozymes)想要寻找合作伙伴帮助其用玉米棒生产化学品时，于是就来到了中国。

And when German solar-panel maker Q-Cells was trying to sell a subsidiary that had developed a record-breaking technology for thin film solar panels, it found a buyer in China.

德国太阳能电池板制造商Q-Cells试图出售一家开发出创纪录的薄膜太阳能电池板技术的子公司，也在中国找到了买家。

The world’s largest energy consumer can seem like a Mecca of clean energy development, with a level of state support and commercial enthusiasm for new technologies that is almost unparalleled. The world’s biggest consumer of coal, thanks to the policies of the past decade, is now the world’s biggest producer of solar panels, wind turbines, and electric batteries.

这个全球最大能源消费国中国似乎就是清洁能源发展的“圣地麦加，政府支持力度和商界对于新技术的热情几乎无人能及。中国这个全球最大煤炭消费国，如今也是全球最大的太阳能电池板、风力涡轮机和电池组生产国。

By 2015, Beijing aims for 30 per cent of China’s generating capacity to come from non-fossil fuel sources, a government white paper published last month says. Clean energy is prized in China because it helps the country reduce its dependence on imported energy sources and also contributes to lowering carbon emissions.

中国政府上月发布的一份白皮书称，中国计划到2015年，让非化石能源占到总发电能力的30％。清洁能源在中国受到重视，是因为它有助于中国降低对进口能源的依赖，也能减少二氧化碳的排放量。

According to the white paper, the vision for 2015 includes 400 square kilometres of solar heat surface collection and 100 gigawatts of installed wind power. Developing new and renewable energy is a “key strategic measure and an “urgent need in the protection of the environment, the white paper says. “China’s energy development must follow a path featuring high-tech content, low consumption of resources, less environmental pollution, satisfactory economic returns, as well as security, it adds.

这份白皮书称，到2015年，中国太阳能集热面积将达到４亿平方米，风电装机容量将达到１亿千瓦。发展新能源和可再生能源是一项“重要战略举措，也是“保护生态环境的迫切需要。白皮书补充称：“中国能源必须走科技含量高、资源消耗低、环境污染少、经济效益好、安全有保障的发展道路。

That line of argument is part of the reason Novozymes has had such success in China. This year, Chinese chemical company Shengguan Group began commercial production of ethanol made from agricultural waste using enzymes provided by Novozymes. That product, known as cellulosic ethanol, gets special mention in the white paper, with other biofuels such as biodiesel.

中国大力发展清洁能源的宣言，是诺维信在中国取得如此巨大成功的部分原因。今年，中国化学品公司圣泉集团(Shengquan Group)开始将借助诺维信提供的酶制剂，实现以农业废弃物为原料生产乙醇过程的商业化。上述白皮书中特别提及了这种被称为“纤维素乙醇的产品以及生物柴油等其他生物燃料。

China’s electricity grid is set to be a key front for investment in clean energy technologies, as China’s grid companies spend billions of dollars on developing a “smart grid. At present the electricity grid acts as a constraint on wind and solar installations in many places where it cannot absorb the intermittent power supplied by solar or wind farms. The problem is so widespread that last year energy authorities slowed down the pace of wind installations, to give the grid more time to upgrade its systems.

随着中国电力企业花费数十亿美元建设“智能电网，中国的电网将成为清洁能源技术投资的重要领域。目前，电网在很多地区成了风电和太阳能装机发展的制约因素。在这些地区，电网无法完全吸收由太阳能电厂或风电厂间歇供应的电力。这个问题非常普遍，以至于去年，能源监管部门放慢了风电装机的速度，以让电网有更多时间升级系统。

China is building ultra high-voltage electricity lines to carry electricity from coal-rich regions, such as Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, toward the areas of high energy demand on the eastern seaboard, so saving on energy for transport. Those conduits stretching across the country make China the biggest builder of power lines anywhere in the world.

中国正在建设特高压输电线路，以便从煤炭储量丰富的内蒙古和新疆等地区向能源需求较大的东部沿海地区输送电力，从而减少运输中的电力损耗。这些输电线路正铺往全国各地，使中国成为全球输电线路建造量最大的国家。

Fossil fuel sources will continue to be part of China’s energy plan and the government is lending its support to other types of fossil fuel energy, such as shale gas and coal to gas technologies.

化石燃料能源将继续成为中国能源计划的一部分，中国政府也在向其他化石燃料能源提供支持，例如页岩气以及煤气化技术。

“China needs stuff that scales, says David Michael, managing director at consultancy BCG in Beijing. “Anything related to natural gas, LNG supply, and shale gas is set to grow.

“中国需要能大规模开发的化石燃料，波士顿咨询公司(BCG)驻北京董事总经理戴维·迈克尔(David Michael)表示，“一切任何与天然气、液化天然气(LNG)供应和页岩气相关的业务都会增长。

China announced a generous tariff for shale gas in November, creating a big economic incentive for companies to invest in exploration for the unconventional resource. Shale gas, extracted by fracturing rock deep underground and capturing the natural gas that escapes, has revolutionised the energy landscape in the US and China hopes to do the same.

今年11月，中国宣布对页岩气实行慷慨的税收优惠，这对企业构成巨大的经济激励，推动它们投资勘探非传统能源。页岩气改变了美国的能源状况，中国希望仿效美国的做法。页岩气的开采过程是通过压裂地层深处的岩石，捕捉从中释放出的天然气。

As the country works to make a 40 per cent in carbon emissions by 2020 compared with 2005 levels, clean coal technologies are in the spotlight.

由于中国致力于到2020年将碳排放量从2005年的基础上减少40%，洁净煤技术受到人们的关注。

Coal plants and steel mills are investing in carbon capture technologies and processes that can reduce emissions of sulphur and nitrous oxide.

煤炭厂家和钢铁厂正投资于碳捕捉技术以及能够减少硫磺和一氧化碳排放的工艺流程。

“Making coal cleaner mitigates the conflict between China’s high-carbon energy sector and the goals of green growth, says an executive at Shenhua, China’s biggest coal producer. Its coal consumption is set to grow but it will draw a smaller percentage of its power from coal, leaving room for clean energy technologies to grow.

中国最大煤炭生产商神华(Shenhua)的一名高管表示：“让煤炭变得清洁的技术，减少了中国高碳能源行业与绿色增长目标之间的冲突。中国煤炭消费将继续增长，但煤炭发电的占比将会降低，这将为清洁能源技术的发展提供空间。