中共无意放松对政治、经济的掌控

The outgoing head of the Chinese Communist party has outlined a deeply conservative vision for the future of the world’s most populous nation, insisting that state dominance of the economy and one-party rule will be maintained.

即将卸任的中国共产党总书记为世界上人口最多的国家描绘了高度保守的愿景，坚称将保持国家在经济中的主导作用和一党制。

“We must uphold leadership of the party, Hu Jintao, who also serves as state president, told more than 2,300 retired and serving officials at the opening of the party’s 18th National Congress yesterday.

“必须坚持党的领导，同时担任中国国家主席的胡锦涛在中共第18届全国代表大会开幕式上对2300余名退休和在任的官员表示。

“We should steadily enhance the vitality of the state-owned sector of the economy and its capacity to leverage and influence the economy, he said.

“要……不断增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力，他表示。

Mr Hu’s speech was based on a five-yearly report prepared by party officials and is intended to set the tone for party ideology over the next five years.

胡锦涛的讲话基于一份由党内官员准备的5年一度的报告，意在为今后5年党的意识形态奠定基调。

Mr Hu will be succeeded next week as party general secretary by Xi Jinping, who will also assume the presidency in March.

胡锦涛将在下周卸任党总书记职务，由习近平接替。习近平还将在明年3月接任国家主席。

Domestic demands for liberalising a rigid political structure and the economic dominance of the state have grown louder in recent years, with some senior advisers to the party warning that inaction could lead to a crisis. Premier Wen Jiabao has publicly warned that continued economic growth and vitality relies on implementing successful political reforms.

近年来，中国国内要求放松僵化的政治体制和国家在经济中的主导作用的呼声有所加强。党的一些资深顾问警告称，不作为可能导致危机。中国总理温家宝公开警告，持续的经济增长和活力有赖于实施成功的政治改革。

The World Bank also advised Beijing to check the power of the government and state enterprises, while developing a more robust legal system.

世界银行(World Bank)也建议北京方面约束政府和国有企业的权力，同时发展一套更为健全的司法体系。

“We have too many state-owned enterprises which are very inefficient and too many monopoly industries, Mao Yushi, an influential liberal economist, said before Mr Hu gave his address. “In the last 10 years we have seen no important economic reforms and very little privatisation.

“我们有太多国有企业效率极其低下，太多垄断产业，有影响力的自由派经济学家茅于轼在胡锦涛作报告之前表示。“过去10年里，我们没有看到任何重要的经济改革，也几乎没有私有化。

Some analysts have expressed optimism that Mr Xi will move quickly to meet some of these demands. Mr Hu’s speech, however, was punctuated by references to Marxism-Leninism and “Mao Zedong thought, suggesting that the party has no intention of relaxing its grip on politics or the economy.

一些分析人士对习近平将迅速采取行动、满足中国社会的一部分诉求表示乐观。不过，胡锦涛的讲话不时提到马列主义和“毛泽东思想，似乎表明党无意放松对政治或经济的掌控。

“We must not take the old path that is closed and rigid, nor must we take the evil road of changing flags and banners, Mr Hu said in a reference to bold political reforms.

“（我们）既不走封闭僵化的老路、也不走改旗易帜的邪路，胡锦涛说，显然把矛头指向大胆政治改革。

That phrase was widely circulated, and occasionally ridiculed, on Weibo, China’s Twitter-like microblog. “So we will walk in place until we die, wrote one Weibo user.

此言在类似于Twitter的中国微博网站新浪微博上得到广泛流传，有时还受到嘲讽。“这么说我们将原地踏步到死为止，一名微博用户写道。

In the written version of his report Mr Hu, head of China’s “fourth generation leadership team installed in 2002, emphasised that the country “will never copy a western political system. However, he dropped that line during his address.

作为2002年上任的中国第四代领导层的掌门人，胡锦涛的讲话稿中强调中国“绝不照搬西方政治制度模式。不过，他在发言时跳过了这一句。

Mr Hu also set a new economic goal of doubling China’s 2010 GDP and average incomes by 2020. The average income of urban and rural residents was $6,120 and $1,892 respectively in 2010. Economists said Mr Hu’s target for economic output was easily attainable as it implied an annual average growth rate of 7 per cent.

胡锦涛还阐述了一个新的经济目标，即到2020年使中国的国内生产总值(GDP)和人均收入在2010年基础上翻倍。2010年，中国城乡居民的人均收入分别为6120美元和1892美元。经济学家们表示，胡锦涛提出的经济产出目标可轻易实现，因为它意味着年均增速为7%。

Much of the president’s speech was focused on the need to improve social services, adjust income distribution through taxation and adhere to “the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay.

胡锦涛的讲话中有相当大篇幅着眼于需要改进社会服务，通过税收来调节收入分配，以及坚持“公有制为主体……的基本经济制度。

Even after decades of reform and the flourishing of a large and vibrant private sector, the state still controls the commanding heights of the economy including core sectors including energy, finance, media and telecommunications .

中国已进行了几十年的改革，发展出了规模较大且充满活力的民营经济，但国家仍牢牢掌控着经济，垄断着能源、金融、媒体和电信等核心产业。