透明国际行贿调查 马来西亚排名垫底

Despite Malaysia’s high-profile anticorruption crusade, half of the corporate executives surveyed by a global corruption watchdog believe that competitors have obtained business through bribery, underscoring the hard task ahead for Prime Minister Najib Razak‘s government in weeding out graft.

尽管马来西亚开展了大张旗鼓的反腐败运动，但一家全球性腐败现象监督机构进行的调查发现，有一半的马来西亚受访企业高管认为，自己的竞争对手通过行贿获得了业务，这一现象彰显出马来西亚总理纳吉布·拉扎克(Najib Razak)所领导的政府在清除腐败方面今后所要面临的艰巨任务。

Transparency International said Malaysia scored worst in the 2012 Bribe Payers Survey. It asked about 3,000 executives from 30 countries whether they had lost a contract in the past year because competitors paid a bribe─and in Malaysia, 50% said yes. Second on the dubious honor roll was Mexico, at 48%.

透明国际(Transparency International)说，在其2012年行贿调查(2012 Bribe Payers Survey)中，马来西亚得分最低。来自30个国家的约3,000名企业管理人士在调查中被问到：在过去一年中，他们是否因竞争对手行贿而丢掉过合同。在马来西亚，50%的受访者做出了肯定回答。得分第二低的是墨西哥，该国有48%的受访者做出了肯定回答。

Japan ranked as the world’s least-corrupt place to do business, with just 2% of respondents saying they had lost out due to bribery; Malaysia’s neighbor Singapore was second-cleanest, at 9%. Even Indonesia, with a long-standing reputation for corruption, fared better than more-developed Malaysia: Southeast Asia’s largest economy came in at 47%. By comparison, 27% of respondents in China said they thought bribes had cost them business.

从此次调查看，日本是世界上做生意最少受到腐败困扰的地方，该国只有2%的受访者说他们曾因贿赂原因丢掉过生意；马来西亚的邻国新加坡在调查中得分第二高，该国有9%的受访者说他们的生意因竞争对手行贿受到过影响。即使是一向有腐败名声的印度尼西亚，其在此次调查中的得分也高于比它更发达的马来西亚：印尼这个东南亚最大的经济体有47%的受访者说自己的生意受到过竞争对手行贿的影响。相比之下，有27%的中国受访者做出了这一回答。

“It shows the attitude of private companies in Malaysia, indicating that bribery in the public sector could be systemic and in a sense institutionalized, said Paul Low, president of the Malaysian chapter of Transparency International.

透明国际马来西亚分会的负责人刘胜权(Paul Low)说，调查反映了马来西亚私营企业的看法，显示公共领域的贿赂现象有可能是系统性的，某种意义上说是制度化的。

Since taking office in 2009, Mr. Najib has pledged to eradicate corruption and regain public confidence. Hundreds of cases have been investigated. The government has established special courts to hear corruption cases and is working to introduce harsher punishment, said Ravindran Devagunam, director of corruption prevention at government think-tank Pemandu. The body reports to the prime minister’s department.

2009年就任总理以来，纳吉布已保证要清除腐败并重新获得公众的信任。有数百起案件已被调查。马来西亚政府智库Pemandu的腐败预防部门负责人拉威德兰(Ravindran Devagunam)说，政府成立了特别法庭来进行腐败案的听证，政府还在致力于对腐败行为实施更严厉的惩罚。

And yet Malaysia’s overall scores in Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index have deteriorated for three consecutive years. In 2011, the country scored 4.3─just slightly lower than the previous year’s 4.4, but significantly lower than the government’s benchmark of 4.9.

但马来西亚在透明国际腐败感知指数(Corruption Perception Index)方面的总体得分却连续三年出现下降。2011年，马来西亚的得分是4.3，虽然只略低于2010年的4.4，但却大大低于4.9的政府基准得分。

A revamped scoring system makes comparison with the 2012 number difficult, though the Transparency International said Malaysia’s position in the broader index continues to be in the mid-range average. It ranked 54th─together with the Czech Republic, Latvia, and Turkey.

由于透明国际的这一评分体系进行了修改，因此难以将各国2012年的得分与其以往的得分进行比较。不过透明国际表示，马来西亚在得分排名表上继续位居中游。它与捷克共和国、拉脱维亚和土耳其一道排名第54位。

“Foreign companies looking to supply to the government have to be aware that they’re likely to be asked for a bribe, Mr. Low said.

刘胜权说，寻求成为马来西亚政府的供应商的外国公司必须知道的一点是，他们有可能被要求行贿。