里约夏季奥运会8月5日就要开幕了,大家做好熬夜观赛的准备了吗?奥运会的众多项目中有不少是咱们中国队的优势项目,比如,乒乓球、体操、跳水、羽毛球,等等。在等待奥运会开幕的这段时间,不如我们一起先学习一下这些项目的相关词汇。
今天,我们先来学习的是姿势优美的跳水项目。
跳水是一项优美的水上运动,它是从高处用各种姿势跃入水中或是从跳水器械上起跳,在空中完成一定动作姿势,并以特定动作入水的运动。你别看跳水比赛从起跳到入水也就几分钟的时间,但是各个阶段的专业术语可不少。
跳水运动
跳水运动:(fancy) diving
跳水:dive
跳板跳水:springboard diving
跳台跳水:platform [high] diving
双人同步跳水:synchronized [pair] diving
跳水表演:exhibition diving
滑稽跳水:comic [funny] diving
悬崖跳水:cliff diving
跳水运动员:(fancy) diver
跳水动作
跳水动作:dive
跳水动作表:list of dives
难度系数:coefficient [degree] of difficulty
低难度动作:plain dive
高难度动作:highly difficult dive; stunt; stunner
动作号码:number of dives
动作方式:manner of execution
跳水姿势:carriage; bearing
倒下跳水:fall dive; sailor's dive
立正姿势:attention position
立定跳水:standing dive
立定起跳:standing takeoff
跑动[助跑]跳水:running dive
向前跳水:forward [front]dive
向前直体跳水:forward dive layout; plain header forward; swallow [swan] dive
向后跳水:back(ward)dive
反身跳水:reverse dive; half gainer
反身翻腾:full gainer
反身翻腾两周:double gainer
内跳水:inward dive; cutaway
转体跳水:twist dive
臂立跳水:armstand [handstand] dive
臂立向后跳水:armstand back fall
臂立翻腾:armstand somersault
中穿:cut through
飞身;燕式:flying
反身飞身跳水:flying gainer
反燕式姿势:inverted swan position
蝶式跳水:butterfly dive
起跳
跳水准备活动:warm-up dive
跑动起跳:running takeoff
开始姿势:starting position
走板;跑台:approach; run; walk
跳台上的助跑步:platform steps
踏跳步:hopping step
跨跳步:hurdle(step)
弹跳:bounce
摆动腿:power [lifted] leg
向前倾斜:forward lean
向后倾斜:backward lean
蹬腿角度:angle of leg thrust
起跳:takeoff
向前起跳:forward takeoff
起跳角度:angle of takeoff
跳板跳水练习:boardwork
腾空
腾起:spring up
腾空:flight; path [passage] through the air
腾空时间:duration of flight
跳水动作最高点:crest [top] of the dive
空中技巧:in-flight maneuver
空中姿势:position in height [in the air]
直体;A式:straight;layout; position A
屈体;B式:pike; position B
抱膝;团身;C式:tuck; position C
自由式;D式:free; any position; position D
开放式屈体(双手置体侧):open pike
封闭式屈体(双手触踩或抱腿):closed pike; jackknife
翻腾:somersault
飞身翻腾:flying somersault
向前翻腾:forward somersault
向后翻腾:back somersault
翻腾一周半:1 1/2 somersaults
翻腾两周:double somersaults
翻腾两周半:2 1/2 somersaults
翻腾三周:triple somersaults
向前翻腾三周半:forward 3 1/2 somersaults
转体:twist;turn; trunk rotation
转体半周:half twist[turn]
转体一周:full twist
转体两周:double twists
向前转体一周:forward dive 1 twist
翻腾转体:flip turn
向前翻腾一周半转体半周:forward 1 1/2 somersaults 1/2 twist
翻腾一周半转体一周半:1 1/2 somersaults 1 1/2 twists
旋转力量:spinning force
旋转速度:spinning speed
旋转动量:spinning momentum
挺直:draw up
向前伸直:extend straightforward
弓背:hollow back
弓背姿势:arched position
低头含胸:head down on chest
收腹:abdomen in [flat]
向下压臂:move arms down
打开:opening; coming out; alignment
身体展开:body straightening
入水
入水:entry
入水技术:entry work
水花:splash; spray; dome of water
上喷水流(入水时出现在水面上):upjet
压水花:rip [clean; splash-free] entry
水泡:bubble
头先入水的跳水动作:head-first entry
脚先入水的跳水动作:feet-first entry
腹部拍水:belly-flop
规则与裁判
规定动作:compulsory (dive); required dive
自选动作:optional [voluntary] (dive)
跳水难度表:diving table
跳水动作名称:denomination of dive
有难度系数限制的跳水动作:dive with limit
无难度系数限制的跳水动作:dive without limit
试跳:attempt; trial dive
失败:fail; miss
重跳:repeat a dive
重做开始动作:re-start
评分:evaluation
很好(8.5一10.0 分): very good
好(6.5一8.0分):good
较好(5.0一6.0分):satisfactory
普通(2.5一4.5分):deficient
不好(0.5一2.0分); unsatisfactory
完全失败(0分):completely failed
场地与器材
跳水池:diving pool [well]; bath
中心线:center line
纵线:cross line
跳板:springboard;(diving) board
1米跳板:one-meter springboard; low board
3米跳板:three-meter springboard; high board
支点调整装置:fulcrum adjustor
防滑面:non-skid[-slip] surface
棕毯垫:cocoanut mat
橡皮垫:rubber mat
跳台:platform;tower
水面起波装置:mechanical surface agitation
气泡发生器:bubble generator
附: 跳水动作号码说明
How to Read the Number of Dives
跳水动作按起跳方向和动作特点分为六个组:第一组为向前跳水(forward dives),第二组为向后跳水(back dives),第三组为反身跳水(reverse dives),第四组为向内跳水(inward dives),第五组为转体跳水(twist dives),第六组为臂立跳水(armstand dives)。跳水动作名称往往念起来一大串,因此在许多场合用号码来代替。
前四组的动作号码都是三位数。首位数表示组数.同时也指出了起跳方向。第二位数为“1”时表示有飞身动作(flying),“0”表示没有。第三位数表示翻腾(somersault)周数:“1”指半周(1/2 somersault),“2”指一周(1 somersault),“3”指一周半(1 1/2 somersaults),“4”指两周(double somersaults)……如此类推.目前最高水平达到“9”,即翻腾四周半(4 1/2 somersaults)。例:
102=向前翻腾一周forward somersault
213=向后飞身翻腾一周半back flying 1/2 somersaults
第五组动作为四位数。首位数表示组数动作均带转体。第二位数表示起跳方向:“1”指向前,“2”指向后,“3”指反身,“4”指向内。第三位数表示翻腾周数,已如上述。第四位数表示转体周数折算方法同翻腾,即“1”指半周(1/2 twist), “2”指一周(1 twist)……如此类推目前最高水平达到”9”,即转体四周半(4 1/2 twists)。例:
5235=向后翻腾一周半转体两周半back 1 1/2 somersaults 2 1/2 twists
5432=向内翻腾一周半转体一周inward 1 1/2 somersaults 1 twist
第六组动作为三位数或四位数。首位数表示组数,动作均从臂立开始。第二位数表示起跳方向,第三位数表示翻腾周数.如果是翻腾加转体,则加上第四位数表示转体周数。例:
614=臂立向前翻腾两周armstand forward double somersaults
6122=臂立向前翻腾一周转体一周armstand forward somersault 1 twist
各组动作号码后面还可以加A、B、C或D分别表示直体(straight)、屈体(pike)、抱膝(tuck )或自由(free )空中姿势。
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