5月3日以来,一场规模巨大的沙尘暴一夜之间席卷西北、华北、东北。据中国环境监测总站地面监测与卫星遥感数据显示,陕西、山西、内蒙古、北京、河北等多省市同时沦陷,北京多个监测站PM10浓度已超过1000微克/立方米。
Tourists in mask visit Wanchun Pavilion in Jingshan Park in Beijing, capital of China, May 4, 2017. [Photo/Xinhua]
Large amounts of dust and sand blowing in on strong winds from Mongolia and the Inner Mongolia autonomous region have swept large areas in the northwest and north since Wednesday, driving air pollution indexes to hazardous levels and lowering visibility.
5月3日以来,来自蒙古和内蒙古自治区的强风带着大量沙尘席卷西北和北方大部分地区,致使空气污染指数达到严重级别,能见度下降。
本次沙尘暴(sandstorm)影响面积占我国国土六分之一,多地空气质量爆表(exceed the upper limit of the air quality index),沙尘过程影响范围和强度,均创下今年以来之最。专家表示,造成如此大范围沙尘天气的原因——是由于近期北方地区降水少(less precipitation)、气温高(high temperature),以及风速大(strong wind)、沙尘输送强(large-scale transport of dust)等。
PM2.5与PM10有何区别
PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物(particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter),可直接进入人体的肺泡(alveoli of the lungs),也称为可入肺颗粒物。它的直径还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20。虽然PM2.5只是地球大气成分中含量很少的组分,但它对空气质量和能见度(air quality and visibility)等有重要的影响。与较粗的大气颗粒物相比,PM2.5粒径小,富含大量的有毒、有害物质(toxic and hazardous matters)且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远,因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。
PM10是可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter),一般名称上讲可吸入颗粒物指的是PM10,就是说这个空气中颗粒物的直径从空气动力学来讲直径大小是十个微米,是能够吸入呼吸道的,从上呼吸道,通过声门能够到下呼吸道,所以它叫可吸入颗粒物PM10。
相关词汇
desertification 沙漠化
sandstorm 沙尘暴
air quality rating 空气质量评级
visibility 能见度
sand and dust weather 沙尘天气
forestation 植树造林
Three-North Shelter Forestation Project “三北防护林”工程
arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区
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