福建省长泰一中2017届高考英语一轮复习单元精练：人教版必修1 Unit 4

　　能力演练

　　一、语法填空

　　专题训练（一） 巧用派生词，做好语法填空。

　　◆技巧点拨

　　英语中有许多单词可带否定前缀或否定后缀，将该词变成一个与原来单词意义完全相反的词。在做语法填空时，要仔细领会短文的意思，理清文章脉络，注意行文逻辑，特别注意上下文之间有无转折、对比、相反关系，如果有此种关系，文中又没有相应过渡词语，就要考虑利用构词法知识，即利用单词的否定前缀或否定后缀来解题。

　　常用的否定前缀有：

　　in+adj.—adj. correct—incorrect(不正确的)

　　active—inactive(不积极的)

　　im+adj.—adj polite—impolite(不礼貌的)

　　patient—impatient(不耐烦的)

　　un+adj.—adj lucky—unlucky(不幸运的)

　　happy—unhappy(不高兴的)

　　il+adj.—adj logical—illogical(不合逻辑的)

　　legal—illegal(非法的)

　　ir+adj.—adj regular—irregular(不规则的)

　　responsible—irresponsible(不负责任的)

　　dis+adj.—adj honest—dishonest(不诚实的)

　　satisfied—dissatisfied(不满意的)

　　un+v.—v dress—undress(脱衣服)

　　load—unload(卸货)

　　dis+v.—v like—dislike(不喜欢)

　　cover—discover(发现)

　　non+n.—adj profit—nonprofit(非盈利的)

　　stop—nonstop(不间断的)

　　ill treat—illtreat(虐待)

　　manner—illmannered(没礼貌的)

　　常用的否定后缀有：

　　n.+less—adj care—careless(粗心的) home—homeless(无家可归的)

　　n.+free—adj. care—carefree(无忧无虑的)

　　paper—paperfree(无纸张的)

　　◆活学活用

　　（一）用所给单词的适当形式填空。

　　Ann walked out of the chemical factory,annoyed at her

　　1

　　(pleasant)interview with Jack,the vice general manager of the factory.Ann was told the factory had been pouring waste water directly into the river,making the water

　　2

　　(suit) to drink.Ann thought it was her duty to

　　3

　　(close)the matter and had it reported in the newspaper.She also thought it was

　　4

　　(responsible)〖JP3〗for the factory to do so.Jack thought it was

　　5

　　(proper)and

　　6

　　(legal)for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance.

　　However,Ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents near the factory to drink

　　7

　　(pollution)water.She told Jack if his factory kept on polluting the river,he was sure to answer for what he had done one day.答案:1.unpleasant2.unsuitable3.disclose4.irresponsible

　　5.improper6.illegal7.pollutionfree

　　（二）语法填空。

　　In the days when an ice cream cost much less,Tom,

　　1

　　eightyear old boy,entered a hotel coffee shop

　　2

　　sat at a table.A waitress put a glass of water in front of him.“How much is an icecream？” “Fifty cents,”replied the waitress.The little boy pulled

　　3

　　right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of

　　4

　　in it.“How much is a dish of plain ice cream?”he asked.Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a little

　　5

　　(patient).“Thirty cents,” she said

　　6

　　(polite)and loudly,which surprised other 〖JP3〗customers.The boy counted the coins

　　7

　　.”I will have a plain ice cream,”he said.The waitress walked

　　8

　　.The boy finished the ice cream,paid the cashier and left.It was not long

　　9

　　the waitress came back and then she began to wipe the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.There,

　　10

　　(place)neatly beside the empty dish,were two nickels and five pennies—her tip!

　　1.an

　　2.解析：entered与sat并列，所以填and。

　　答案：and

　　3.his

　　4.coins

　　5~6.解析：这里指服务员不耐烦(impatient)、不礼貌(impolite),注意用否定前缀。

　　答案：5.impatient

　　6.impolitely

　　7.解析：小孩又仔细数了一遍硬币。

　　答案：again

　　8.解析：It is not long before是常用句型。

　　答案：away

　　9.before

　　10.解析：倒装句。顺序为two nickels and five pennies were placed neatly beside the empty dish.

　　答案：placed

　　二、完形填空

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　As a child, I was very shy. I wanted to be successful, but lacked

　　1

　　. When I discovered climbing, I found something I was good at. I began to be

　　2

　　by my friends and this gave me the desire to climb

　　3

　　and higher mountains. I found that nothing was impossible if I could find the

　　4

　　to try to achieve my goals.

　　Both personal determination and teamwork are

　　5

　　when you climb. You need to rely on the

　　6

　　of your team and share in the achievement. But personal focus and determination to keep going despite any difficulty are also very helpful to team success.

　　My greatest achievement in

　　7

　　was being the first ever to reach the top of the 5,000foot Troll Wall in Norway, which has the highest and most vertical(垂直的) rock face in Europe. A stone dropped from the top of the mountain will

　　8

　　nothing until it lands on the valley floor one

　　9

　　below. So it was very adventurous.

　　Before our climb, the experts in Europe had said it was

　　10

　　to climb the Troll Wall. But with three companions, I decided to

　　11

　　. It took ten days to make the climb and we

　　12

　　on ledges(岩石架)no more than a foot wide when we were tired. Thankfully, we

　　13

　　.

　　Afterwards, I said to myself, “If I can do that, I can do anything.” Some years later, I climbed up Mount Everest-the highest mountain in the world.

　　Adventure to me is not just

　　14

　　a rope along the side of a mountain, but is one field where adventurous people can often

　　15

　　themselves. If we look at every day as an adventure, we can test ourselves and continue to grow throughout our life. That is the final adventure.

　　1.A.money

　　B.confidence

　　C.purposes

　　D.chances

　　2.A.denied

　　B.attacked

　　C.recognized

　　D.tricked

　　3.A.harder

　　B.farther

　　C.smaller

　　D.safer

　　4.A.place

　　B.secret

　　C.courage

　　D.time

　　5.A.suitable

　　B.simple

　　C.equal

　　D.important

　　6.A.comfort

　　B.support

　　C.interest

　　D.doubt

　　7.A.science

　　B.medicine

　　C.climbing

　　D.engineering

　　8.A.touch

　　B.stop

　　C.pollute

　　D.hurt

　　9.A.meter

　　B.inch

　　C.centimeter

　　D.mile

　　10.A.easy

　　B.impossible

　　C.exciting

　　D.useful

　　11.A.try

　　B.learn

　　C.return

　　D.escape

　　12.A.ate

　　B.lived

　　C.rested

　　D.stood

　　13.A.worked

　　B.decided

　　C.continued

　　D.succeeded

　　14.A.bending over

　　B.falling off

　　C.hanging onto

　　D.leaning against

　　15.A.hold

　　B.forgive

　　C.punish

　　D.challenge

　　解答:1.B

　　2.C

　　3.A

　　4.C

　　5.D

　　6.B

　　7.C8.A

　　9.D

　　10.B

　　11.A

　　12.C13.D

　　14.C

　　15.D

　　三、阅读理解

　　专题训练（一）阅读中的猜词技巧（4）

　　根据同等关系猜测词义

　　◆方法点拨

　　同等关系指一组词在句中作同一成分，且它们的词义属于同一义域，这些词常用and或or来连接。如：

　　At fifty he is in his prime of life and always full of energy.

　　根据full of energy可判断出in his prime of life的意思为“最好的时候、精力旺盛之际”。

　　◆活学活用

　　（一）利用上述猜词技巧，猜测下列各句划线部分的意思。

　　1.He is a serious person who always does everything conscientiously.

　　2. If you dont stop doing like this,youll impair your health.

　　3.He strayed because of the darkness,and didn，t know where he was.

　　4.In the ancient city of Rome,we visited every mansion,battle site,theatre and other public halls.

　　（二）阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务。

　　(2008年广东卷)Parents and kids today dress alike,listen to the same music,and are friends.Is this a good thing？Sometimes,when Mr.Ballmer and his 16yearold daughter,Elizabeth,listen to rock music together and talk about interests they both enjoy,such as pop culture,he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.

　　“I would never have said to my mom,‘Hey,the new Weezer album is really great.How do you like it?’” says Ballmer.“There was just a complete gap in taste.”

　　Music was not the only gulf.From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations,earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.

　　Today,the generation gap has not disappeared,but it is getting narrow in many families.Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago.Now they are comfortable and common.And parent-child activities,from shopping to sports,involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.

　　No wonder greeting cards today carry the message,“To my mother,my best friend.”

　　But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents.

　　“There，s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there,but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie,a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College.“In the middle of that change,there is a lot of confusion among parents.”

　　Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes.They see the 1960s as a turning point.Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.

　　“My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change,but todays parents,the 40yearolds,were on the ‘after’ side,” explains Mr.Ballmer.“Its not something easily accomplished by parents these days,because life is more difficult to understand or deal with,but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”

　　Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要。

　　_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案。

　　1.The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _______________.

　　A.interest

　　B.distance

　　C.difference

　　D.separation

　　2.Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?

　　A.Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.

　　B.Parents put more trust in their childrens abilities.

　　C.Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.

　　D.Parents share more interests with their children.

　　3.The change in today,s parentchild relationship is _____________.A.more confusion among parents

　　B.new equality between parents and children

　　C.less respect for parents from children

　　D.more strictness and authority on the part of parents

　　4.By saying “todays parents,the 40yearolds,were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that todays parents _______________.

　　A.follow the trend of the change

　　B.can set a limit to the change

　　C.fail to take the change seriously

　　D.have little difficulty adjusting to the change

　　5.The purpose of the passage is to _______________.

　　A.describe the difficulties todays parents have met with

　　B.discuss the development of the parentchild relationship

　　C.suggest the ways to handle the parentchild relationship

　　D.compare todays parentchild relationship with that in the past

　　三、

　　（一）

　　1.解析：根据serious可判断出conscientiously为“认真地”之意。

　　答案：认真地

　　2.解析：从if条件句的意思可推断出句中impair

　　your health的意思为“损害健康”。

　　答案：损害

　　3.解析：由句中的because of the darkness可推断出stray的意思为“迷路”。

　　答案：迷路

　　4.解析：因为mansion与“战场遗址”、“剧院”、“其它公众厅”并列，所以mansion也应属

　　于建筑物或场所。

　　答案：大厦

　　（二）

　　Ⅰ.

　　The text tells us that nowadays parents and their children have a lot in common and they are equal in many ways,which makes it more fun to be a parent.

　　Ⅱ.

　　1.解析：可以通过同等关系推测词义的技巧来找出答案，即通过There was just a complete gap in taste和move in separate orbits来推测词义。

　　答案：B

　　2.解析：细节理解题 由文章的第一段可以知道答案。

　　答案：D

　　3.解析：细节推断题,由文章的第五段可知,现在父母和孩子的关系趋于平等。

　　答案：B

　　4.解析：20世纪60年代被看作一个转折点,以前的父母高高在上,固执保守,而现在的父母与孩子一起分享共有兴趣的快乐,所以A项 “紧随潮流的变化”最符合题意。

　　答案：A

　　5.解析：推理判断题,要求推断作者的写作意图,纵观全文,只有B项符合。

　　答案：B